Psychology Ch. 5 & 6 Study Guide
I. Terms to know
Chapter 6
















REM sleep
Unconscious wish fulfillment theory (Freud)
Latent content of dreams
Manifest content of dreams
Dreams-for-survival theory
Activation-synthesis theory
Lucid dreaming
Circadian rhythms
Hypnosis
Meditation
Psychoactive drugs
Addictive drugs
Stimulants
Depressants
Narcotics (aka Opiates)
Hallucinogens
Chapter 7



















Learning
Classical conditioning
Neutral stimulus
UCS/UCR
CS/CR
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus generalization
Stimulus discrimination
Operant conditioning
Reinforcement (and positive / negative reinforcers)
Punishment (and positive / negative punishments)
Schedules of reinforcement (and the four types: FI/VI/FR/VR)
Continuous and partial reinforcement
Shaping
Behavior modification
Cognitive learning theory
Latent learning
Observational learning
II. Ideas to know
1. Sleep: stages of sleep, what occurs during REM sleep, why we sleep, and
how much is necessary.
2. Dreams: dream theories, especially Freud. Refer to the handout from the
chapter of Freud’s “On Dreams” for an example of latent vs. manifest
content.
3. Uses of hypnosis
4. Technique and use of meditation
5. Know how different drugs affect neurotransmitters. Be able to pair
certain drugs with the specific neurotransmitters they primarily affect. (i.e.
Alcohol primarily affects GABA, methamphetamine—dopamine,
MDMA-serotonin, marijuana—cannabinoid receptors etc.)
6. Know the effects of specific drugs on the brain and body (use your notes
and the chart on page 171)
7. How classical conditioning works. Be able to read an example of
classical conditioning and determine which of the elements is the neutral
stimulus, UCS, UCR, CS, and CR. Be able to provide an example.
8. How operant conditioning works, identifying positive / negative
reinforcers and punishments. Be able to provide an example.
9. Be able to identify from examples which schedule of reinforcement is
being utilized. (Use worksheet for practice). Also, know what effect each
schedule has on behavior (see chart on page 198).
10. Be able to compare and contrast operant and classical conditioning.
(see p. 202 for a good review on the differences).
11. Know the limitations of classical and operant conditioning, and how
cognitive learning theories explain learning in another way.