1
• John Locke’s idea that people must give their consent to be governed is the basis for the right to
• Vote for a representative government
• Bear arms
• Support their government under any circumstances
• Pledge loyalty to their monarch

• John Locke’s idea that people must give their consent to be governed is the basis for the right to
• Vote for a representative government
• Bear arms
• Support their government under any circumstances
• Pledge loyalty to their monarch

2
• The ideas of “unalienable rights” and the people’s right to “alter or abolish” a government are most closely associated with which Enlightenment thinker
• Voltaire
• Benjamin Franklin
• John Locke
• Jean Jacques Rousseau

• 1. The ideas of “unalienable rights” and the people’s right to “alter or abolish” a government are most closely associated with which Enlightenment thinker
• Voltaire
• Benjamin Franklin
• John Locke
• Jean Jacques Rousseau

3
• In Thomas Jefferson’s view, people were best governed by
• A king
• A system of laws
• A powerful President
• Their religious beliefs

• In Thomas Jefferson’s view, people were best governed by
• A king
• A system of laws
• A powerful President
• Their religious beliefs

4
• What effect did the Enlightenment have on political thought in the colonies
• Colonial leaders began extending voting rights to all citizens
• The First Continental Congress determined a need for a federal bill of rights
• Colonial leaders began advocating the adoption of a state-supported church
•
• Colonists began to question the authority of the British monarchy

• What effect did the Enlightenment have on political thought in the colonies
• Colonial leaders began extending voting rights to all citizens
• The First Continental Congress determined a need for a federal bill of rights
• Colonial leaders began advocating the adoption of a state-supported church
•
• Colonists began to question the authority of the British monarchy

• What effect did the Enlightenment have on political thought in the colonies
• Colonial leaders began extending voting rights to all citizens
• The First Continental Congress determined a need for a federal bill of rights
• Colonial leaders began advocating the adoption of a state-supported church
•
• Colonists began to question the authority of the British monarchy

5
• The Declaration of Independence elaborates on the Enlightenment idea of:
• natural rights
• collective ownership
• religious freedom
• political equality

• The Declaration of Independence elaborates on the Enlightenment idea of:
• natural rights
• collective ownership
• religious freedom
• political equality

Quote

7
• The Bill of Rights was added to the US
Constitution to
• To protect personal liberties
• Make the Constitution flexible
• Make all citizens equal under the law

• The Bill of Rights was added to the US
Constitution to
• To protect personal liberties
• Make the Constitution flexible
• Make all citizens equal under the law

8
• The Constitution limits the power of the federal government by
• Requiring the executive branch to include two elected officials
• Allowing states to have the power to negotiate foreign affairs
• Giving both large states and small states equal representation
• Ensuring checks and balances for the three branches of government

• The Constitution limits the power of the federal government by
• Requiring the executive branch to include two elected officials
• Allowing states to have the power to negotiate foreign affairs
• Giving both large states and small states equal representation
• Ensuring checks and balances for the three branches of government

graph

10
• Which laws are the supreme law of the land
• State laws
• Executive orders
• Federal laws
• The Constitution

• Key decisions of the Supreme Court under the leadership of John Marshall solidified the power of the court to
• a. try cases between states
• b. accept appeals from lower federal courts
• c. try cases involving foreign diplomats
• d. review the constitutionality of state and federal laws

11
• Key decisions of the Supreme Court under the leadership of John Marshall solidified the power of the court to
• a. try cases between states
• b. accept appeals from lower federal courts
• c. try cases involving foreign diplomats
• d. review the constitutionality of state and federal laws

• Key decisions of the Supreme Court under the leadership of John Marshall solidified the power of the court to
• a. try cases between states
• b. accept appeals from lower federal courts
• c. try cases involving foreign diplomats
• d . review the constitutionality of state and federal laws

12
• Which statement describes an effect of the Civil
War?
• Southern industry rapidly caught up up to industry in the North
• Industry in the South began to produce a surplus of goods
• Industry in the North grew because of the demands of the war
• Industry shifted to the West because of the dangers of war

• Which statement describes an effect of the Civil
War?
• Southern industry rapidly caught up to industry in the North
• Industry in the South began to produce a surplus of goods
• Industry in the North grew because of the demands of the war
• Industry shifted to the West because of the dangers of war

12
• As a result of the Civil War , the Northern economy
• Experienced little change
• Saw industrial profits fall
• Expanded and emerged more prosperous that ever
• Suffered from shortages of unskilled labor

• As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy
• Experienced little change
• Saw industrial profits fall
• Expanded and emerged more prosperous that ever
• Suffered from shortages of unskilled labor

14
• Which of the following was an effect of the publication of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
(1906)
• It aided the growth of federal social services
• It contributed to the development of settlement houses
• It influenced the passage of the Meat
Inspection Act
• It led to the development of child labor laws

14
• Which of the following was an effect of the publication of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
(1906)
• It aided the growth of federal social services
• It contributed to the development of settlement houses
• It influenced the passage of the Meat
Inspection Act
• It led to the development of child labor laws

15
• In the late 1800s, factories were generally
• Dangerous and difficult places to work
• Employing men almost exclusively
• Paying a living wage and offering benefits
• Staffed by fewer workers than the average farm

• In the late 1800s, factories were generally
• Dangerous and difficult places to work
• Employing men almost exclusively
• Paying a living wage and offering benefits
• Staffed by fewer workers than the average farm

16
• Which factor most limited the growth of labor unions during the late 1800s
• Many factory workers were satisfied with their wages and working conditions
• Most employers were very hostile
• Workers preferred to negotiate with factory owners as individuals rather than members of a group
• The Federal Government declared that unions were illegal

• Which factor most limited the growth of labor unions during the late 1800s
• Many factory workers were satisfied with their wages and working conditions
• Most employers were very hostile
• Workers preferred to negotiate with factory owners as individuals rather than members of a group
• The Federal Government declared that unions were illegal

17
• During the period from 1880 to 1920, the majority of immigrants to the US settled mainly in urban areas in the North mainly because
• Most immigrants had lived in cities in the native countries
• Labor unions gave financial help to immigrants willing to work in the factories
• Rapid industrialization had created many job opportunities
• The Populist Party was successful in preventing immigrants from buying farmland

• During the period from 1880 to 1920, the majority of immigrants to the US settled mainly in urban areas in the North mainly because
• Most immigrants had lived in cities in the native countries
• Labor unions gave financial help to immigrants willing to work in the factories
• Rapid industrialization had created many job opportunities
• The Populist Party was successful in preventing immigrants from buying farmland

18
• Which best describes the Irish immigrants who were persecuted in the cities during the
1800s
• Most refused to work in factories
• Most were wealthy
• Their religious background varied widely
• Most were Catholic

• Which best describes the Irish immigrants who were persecuted in the cities during the
1800s
• Most refused to work in factories
• Most were wealthy
• Their religious background varied widely
• Most were Catholic

19
• The Industrial Revolution encouraged more
Americans to settle in what region of the US
• In the Northeast and Midwest
• On the Great Plains
• On the East and West coasts
• on the Southeast and Southwest

• The Industrial Revolution encouraged more
Americans to settle in what region of the US
• In the Northeast and Midwest
• On the Great Plains
• On the East and West coasts
• on the Southeast and Southwest

20
• In the late 19 th century, anti-immigration feelings developed in the US primarily because
• Immigrants competed with native-born
Americans for jobs
• Immigrants were seeking elective office in the
National Government
• The government’s social welfare programs for immigrants were becoming too expensive
• Most immigrants were richer and better educated than native-born citizens

• In the late 19 th century, anti-immigration feelings developed in the US primarily because
• Immigrants competed with native-born
Americans for jobs
• Immigrants were seeking elective office in the
National Government
• The government’s social welfare programs for immigrants were becoming too expensive
• Most immigrants were richer and better educated than native-born citizens

21
• “There are too many foreigners and undesirables coming into the US. Let’s pull up the ladder” This statement best illustrates the concept of
• Reverse discrimination
• Populism
• Nativism
• Social mobility

• “There are too many foreigners and undesirables coming into the US. Let’s pull up the ladder” This statement best illustrates the concept of
• Reverse discrimination
• Populism
• Nativism
• Social mobility

22
• An experience of the majority of immigrants to the US was that they
• Were rapidly assimilated into the predominant lifestyle
• Joined radical political parties to bring about economic reform
• Frequently met resentment
• Settled in rural areas where cheap land was available

• An experience of the majority of immigrants to the US was that they
• Were rapidly assimilated into the predominant lifestyle
• Joined radical political parties to bring about economic reform
• Frequently met resentment
• Settled in rural areas where cheap land was available

23
• The Americanization movement of the early twentieth century sought to
• Assimilate ethnic immigrant groups into the dominant culture
• Restrict the military involvement of the United
States in foreign conflicts
• Diminish the role of the government in the regulation of industry
• Protect domestic businesses from foreign competition

• The Americanization movement of the early twentieth century sought to
• Assimilate ethnic immigrant groups into the dominant culture
• Restrict the military involvement of the United
States in foreign conflicts
• Diminish the role of the government in the regulation of industry
• Protect domestic businesses from foreign competition

24
• In many US cities in the 1800s, political machines
• Controlled activities of political parties
• Pushed for reform in selecting judges
• Helped ensure free and fair elections
• Were headed by officials elected by the voters

• In many US cities in the 1800s, political machines
• Controlled activities of political parties
• Pushed for reform in selecting judges
• Helped ensure free and fair elections
• Were headed by officials elected by the voters

26
• During the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries, urban immigrants generally supported local political machines that
• Discouraged the new immigrants from participating in civic affairs
• Were usually supported by urban reformers
• Provided essential services to the immigrants
• Reminded immigrants of political practices of their homelands

• During the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries, urban immigrants generally supported local political machines that
• Discouraged the new immigrants from participating in civic affairs
• Were usually supported by urban reformers
• Provided essential services to the immigrants
• Reminded immigrants of political practices of their homelands

27
• The muckraking journalists associated with the
Progressive Era were known primarily for their
• Willingness to expose the corruption of US society
• Articles supporting the economic benefits of laissez-faire economics
• Use of the media to advocate the passage of the
Equal Right Amendment
• Support for the formation of US military alliances with European countries

• The muckraking journalists associated with the
Progressive Era were known primarily for their
• Willingness to expose the corruption of US society
• Articles supporting the economic benefits of laissez-faire economics
• Use of the media to advocate the passage of the
Equal Right Amendment
• Support for the formation of US military alliances with European countries

28
• One effect of monopolies on the US economy is that they tend to
• reduce business competition
• keep prices low
• lead to a greater variety in the price and quality for a particular product
•
• give consumers a greater choice in goods they can produce

• One effect of monopolies on the US economy is that they tend to
• reduce business competition
• keep prices low
• lead to a greater variety in the price and quality for a particular product
•
• give consumers a greater choice in goods they can produce

29
• Which term best describes US economic policy during the era of the rise of big business(1865-
1900 )?
• Welfare-state capitalism
• Marxism
• Laissez-faire capitalism
• Merchantilism

• Which term best describes US economic policy during the era of the rise of big business(1865-
1900)?
• Welfare-state capitalism
• Marxism
• Laissez-faire capitalism
• Merchantilism

30
• Ford’s production of the Model T demonstrated the economic relationship between the specialization of labor and
• reduced demand for labor
• greater efficiencies in production
• higher production costs
• decline of labor unions

• Ford’s production of the Model T demonstrated the economic relationship between the specialization of labor and
• reduced demand for labor
• greater efficiencies in production
• higher production costs
• decline of labor unions

• Manufacturing became an important part of the Northern economy because
• there were too few rivers to run waterpowered factories
• the shorter growing season limited the crops farmers could produce
• there were not enough cities where farmers could ship their crops
• the climate was too arid for crop production

• Manufacturing became an important part of the Northern economy because
• there were too few rivers to run waterpowered factories
• the shorter growing season limited the crops farmers could produce
• there were not enough cities where farmers could ship their crops
• the climate was too arid for crop production

32
• US industry needed international trade during the late 1800s and early 1900s in order to
• obtain spare parts for railroad cars and steamships
• keep the US on the gold standard
• provide American consumers with a choice of products
• obtain raw materials and new markets to sell more goods

• US industry needed international trade during the late 1800s and early 1900s in order to
• obtain spare parts for railroad cars and steamships
• keep the US on the gold standard
• provide American consumers with a choice of products
• obtain raw materials and new markets to sell more goods

33
• During the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries the US government attempted to facilitate the growth of domestic industry by
• placing high tariff barriers on foreign imports
• encouraging the growth of labor unions
• repealing the Sherman Antitrust Act
• providing subsidies to small businesses

• During the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries the US government attempted to facilitate the growth of domestic industry by
• placing high tariff barriers on foreign imports
• encouraging the growth of labor unions
• repealing the Sherman Antitrust Act
• providing subsidies to small businesses

34
• Social Darwinism explained the success of industrial tycoons by saying that these business leaders
• had overcome and eliminated weaker competitors
• had been born into wealthy or privileged families
• had succeeded by way of government regulation
•
• supported labor reform and other progressive reforms

• Social Darwinism explained the success of industrial tycoons by saying that these business leaders
• had overcome and eliminated weaker competitors
• had been born into wealthy or privileged families
• had succeeded by way of government regulation
•
• supported labor reform and other progressive reforms

• One effect of monopolies on the US economy is that they tend to
• reduce business competition
• keep prices low
• lead to a greater variety in the price and quality for a particular product
•
• give consumers a greater choice in goods they can produce

• One effect of monopolies on the US economy is that they tend to
• reduce business competition
• keep prices low
• lead to a greater variety in the price and quality for a particular product
•
• give consumers a greater choice in goods they can produce

35
• Reformers who proposed and supported the
Social Gospel
• Helped inspire people to establish settlement houses
• Were inspired by people who had established settlement houses
• Were mainly upper class men
• Were mainly Catholics rather than Protestants

• Reformers who proposed and supported the
Social Gospel
• Helped inspire people to establish settlement houses
• Were inspired by people who had established settlement houses
• Were mainly upper class men
• Were mainly Catholics rather than Protestants

36
• Social Darwinism and the Social Gospel movement believed that organized religion must place greater emphasis on
• Most of their support came from the laborers and immigrants
• Both preached that the poor were not responsible for their condition
• Social Darwinism started as a response to the
Social Gospel Movement
• Both tried to address the social conditions of an industrial society

• Social Darwinism and the Social Gospel movement believed that organized religion must place greater emphasis on
• Most of their support came from the laborers and immigrants
• Both preached that the poor were not responsible for their condition
• Social Darwinism started as a response to the
Social Gospel Movement
• Both tried to address the social conditions of an industrial society

37
• The followers of the Social Gospel movement believed that organized religion must place greater emphasis on
• Reconstructing American society
• Raising funds
• Supporting the Populist Party
• Stopping immigration to the US

• The followers of the Social Gospel movement believed that organized religion must place greater emphasis on
• Reconstructing American society
• Raising funds
• Supporting the Populist Party
• Stopping immigration to the US

38
• Members of the Populist Party supported public ownership of railroads because they thought it would
• Help small farmers
• Reduce immigration
• Decrease income taxes
• Change monetary policy

• Members of the Populist Party supported public ownership of railroads because they thought it would
• Help small farmers
• Reduce immigration
• Decrease income taxes
• Change monetary policy

39
• William Jennings Bryan opposed switching to the gold standard because it would
• a. eliminate paper money and switch the country to gold coins
• b. allow bankers and businessmen to use either gold or paper money
• c. limit the supply and access to money for workers and farmers
• d. increase the supply of paper money, making it almost worthless

• William Jennings Bryan opposed switching to the gold standard because it would
• a. eliminate paper money and switch the country to gold coins
• b. allow bankers and businessmen to use either gold or paper money
• c. limit the supply and access to money for workers and farmers
• d. increase the supply of paper money, making it almost worthless

40
• Although it intended to break up monopolie s, business leaders used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to
• gather more stock in railroads and other utilities
• limit labor union activities by saying they interfered with trade
• discourage international trade that threatened them
• increase their horizontal integration

• Although it intended to break up monopolies, business leaders used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to
• gather more stock in railroads and other utilities
• limit labor union activities by saying they interfered with trade
• discourage international trade that threatened them
• increase their horizontal integration

41
• Which best exemplifies the Progressive movement
• For government to be more efficient and responsive to public needs
• To make it easier for business and the government to work together
• To increase services such as housing and health care to immigrants
• To increase immigrant participation in politics and government

• Which best exemplifies the Progressive movement
• For government to be more efficient and responsive to public needs
• To make it easier for business and the government to work together
• To increase services such as housing and health care to immigrants
• To increase immigrant participation in politics and government

42
• The term suffragettes refers to women in
American history who
• Suffered for a religious cause
• Joined unions to fight for workers’ rights
• Believed alcohol should be legally banned
• Fought for women’s right to vote

• The term suffragettes refers to women in
American history who
• Suffered for a religious cause
• Joined unions to fight for workers’ rights
• Believed alcohol should be legally banned
• Fought for women’s right to vote

43
• During President Theodore Roosevelt’s administration, Congress gave the Interstate
Commerce Commission the power to
• Enforce legislation regulating railroad rates
• Construct a national canal system
• Impose lower import tariffs on foreign goods
• Mint a national currency

• During President Theodore Roosevelt’s administration, Congress gave the Interstate
Commerce Commission the power to
• Enforce legislation regulating railroad rates
• Construct a national canal system
• Impose lower import tariffs on foreign goods
• Mint a national currency

44
• The Puritan’s views and attitudes led them to promote the ideas of
• Social equality
• Hard work for common goals
• Religious tolerance
• Separation of church and state

• The Puritan’s views and attitudes led them to promote the ideas of
• Social equality
• Hard work for common goals
• Religious tolerance
• Separation of church and state

• The revival meetings of the Great Awakening and the Second Great Awakening were
• Held in churches on Sundays only and included emotional sermons
• Led only by local ministers who preached to their own congregations
• Held outside, lasted for days, and included emotional sermons
• Focused on the use of rational thinking and a scientific approach to religion

• The revival meetings of the Great Awakening and the Second great Awakening were
• Held in churches on Sundays only and included emotional sermons
• Led only by local ministers who preached to their own congregations
• Held outside, lasted for days, and included emotional sermons
• Focused on the use of rational thinking and a scientific approach to religion

46
• The Second Great Awakening promoted
• An optimistic message that inspired people to try to reform society
• The idea that slavery was a choice made by each individual
• Expansion to the West as part of Manifest
Destiny
• A return to agriculture rather than increased urbanization

• The Second Great Awakening promoted
• An optimistic message that inspired people to try to reform society
• The idea that slavery was a choice made by each individual
• Expansion to the West as part of Manifest
Destiny
• A return to agriculture rather than increased urbanization

47
• The First Great Awakening of the 1730s and
1740s was primarily
• Movement to increase colonial loyalty to the
British monarchy
• Religious revival that spread through the colonies
• Process of assimilating immigrants into colonial
American culture
• Period of economic prosperity brought about by colonial trade

• The First great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s was primarily
• Movement to increase colonial loyalty to the
British monarchy
• Religious revival that spread through the colonies
• Process of assimilating immigrants into colonial
American culture
• Period of economic prosperity brought about by colonial trade

48
• The Mormon community moved to Utah because
• A climate in Utah was more favorable to their crops
• They could buy large amounts of farm land
•
• Slavery was outlawed in Utah
• They suffered persecution in the Eastern states

• The Mormon community moved to Utah because
• A climate in Utah was more favorable to their crops
• They could buy large amounts of farm land
•
• Slavery was outlawed in Utah
• They suffered persecution in the Eastern states

49
• The Establishment Clause in the First
Amendment
• Established the tax rates for various churches
• Prohibits the government from establishing a state religion
• Establishes requirements for government support of any religion
• Specifies the requirements for churches to be established

• The Establishment Clause in the First
Amendment
• Established the tax rates for various churches
• Prohibits the government from establishing a state religion
• Establishes requirements for government support of any religion
• Specifies the requirements for churches to be established

table

tables

52
• How were the Second Great Awakening and the Social Gospel movement similar
• Both resulted in large increases in church membership
• Both were led by social conservatives
• Both were concerned with improving society
• Both occurred before the Civil War

• How were the Second Great Awakening and the Social Gospel movement similar
• Both resulted in large increases in church membership
• Both were led by social conservatives
• Both were concerned with improving society
• Both occurred before the Civil War

53
• Which statement best describe the reason the
First Amendment was added to the Constitution
• To protect citizens from government interference in religion
• To allow citizens to establish a government sponsored church
• To ensure that a church would not overthrow the government
• To require people to worship in a religion of their choice

• Which statement best describe the reason the
First Amendment was added to the Constitution
• To protect citizens from government interference in religion
• To allow citizens to establish a government sponsored church
• To ensure that a church would not overthrow the government
• To require people to worship in a religion of their choice

1.2
• Which two groups debated the ratification of the new Constitution?
• (1) loyalists and revolutionaries
• (2) Federalists and Anti-federalists
• (3) Democratic Party and Whig Party
• (4) executive branch and judicial branch

1.2
• Which two groups debated the ratification of the new Constitution?
• (1) loyalists and revolutionaries
• (2) Federalists and Anti-federalists
• (3) Democratic Party and Whig Party
• (4) executive branch and judicial branch

1.2
• 8 Which individual’s action was directly protected
• by the first amendment ?
• (1) Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the
• telephone in 1876
• (2) Theodore Roosevelt’s command of the Rough
• Riders in 1898
• (3) President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s election to
• a third term in 1940
• (4) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s leading a march
• on Washington, D.C., in 1963

1.2
• 8 Which individual’s action was directly protected
• by the first amendment?
• (1) Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the
• telephone in 1876
• (2) Theodore Roosevelt’s command of the Rough
• Riders in 1898
• (3) President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s election to
• a third term in 1940
• (4) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s leading a march
• on Washington, D.C., in 1963

1.2
• 4 “. . . Every thing that is right or reasonable pleads
• for separation. The blood of the slain, the
• weeping voice of nature cries, ’TIS TIME TO
• PART. . . .”
• — Thomas Paine, Common Sense
• In this quotation, Thomas Paine is trying to
• convince the colonists to
• (1) accept the Proclamation of 1763
• (2) break a treaty with Spain
• (3) declare their independence from England
• (4) dissolve their alliance with France

1.2
• 4 “. . . Every thing that is right or reasonable pleads
• for separation. The blood of the slain, the
• weeping voice of nature cries, ’TIS TIME TO
• PART. . . .”
• — Thomas Paine, Common Sense
• In this quotation, Thomas Paine is trying to
• convince the colonists to
• (1) accept the Proclamation of 1763
• (2) break a treaty with Spain
• (3) declare their independence from England
• (4) dissolve their alliance with France

1.2
• 6 The Great Compromise reached at the
Constitutional Convention resulted in the
• (1) formation of the Supreme Court
• (2) creation of a bicameral legislature
• (3) development of a two-party system
• (4) ban on the importation of enslaved
Africans

1.2
• 6 The Great Compromise reached at the
Constitutional Convention resulted in the
• (1) formation of the Supreme Court
• (2) creation of a bicameral legislature
• (3) development of a two-party system
• (4) ban on the importation of enslaved
Africans

1.2
• 3 The main purpose for writing the Declaration o f
• Independence was to
• (1) declare war on Great Britain
• (2) force France to support the Revolutionary War
• (3) convince Great Britain to abolish slavery
• (4) state the colonists’ reasons for separating
• from Great Britain

1.2
• 3 The main purpose for writing the Declaration of
• Independence was to
• (1) declare war on Great Britain
• (2) force France to support the Revolutionary War
• (3) convince Great Britain to abolish slavery
• (4) state the colonists’ reasons for separating
• from Great Britain

1.2
• 8 Federalism is best defined as a principle of government that
• (1) divides power between the central government
• and state governments
• (2) includes a system of checks and balances
• (3) allows the states to nullify national laws
• (4) places the most power in the hands of the
• legislative branch

1.2
• 8 Federalism is best defined as a principle of government that
• (1) divides power between the central government and state governments
• (2) includes a system of checks and balances
• (3) allows the states to nullify national laws
• (4) places the most power in the hands of the
• legislative branch

1.2
• 4 At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which
• problem was solved by the Great Compromise ?
• (1) developing the method of electing a president
• (2) designating control of interstate commerce
• (3) outlining the structure of the federal court
• system
• (4) establishing the formula for representation in
• Congress

1.2
• 4 At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which
• problem was solved by the Great Compromise?
• (1) developing the method of electing a president
• (2) designating control of interstate commerce
• (3) outlining the structure of the federal court
• system
• (4 ) establishing the formula for representation in
• Congress

1.3
• 12 Under Chief Justice John Marshall , the Supreme
• Court strengthened its authority by
• (1) applying judicial review to state and national
• laws
• (2) changing the operation of the electoral
• college
• (3) increasing the number of Justices on the
• Court
•
• (4) expanding the freedoms included in the first
• amendment

1.3
• 12 Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme
• Court strengthened its authority by
• (1) applying judicial review to state and national
• laws
• (2) changing the operation of the electoral
• college
• (3) increasing the number of Justices on the
• Court
•
• (4) expanding the freedoms included in the first
• amendment

1.3
• 9 What was one outcome of the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
• (1) State governments could now determine the
• constitutionality of federal laws.
• (2) The principle of judicial review was established.
• (3) Congress expanded its delegated powers.
•
• (4) A method to approve treaties was developed.

1.3
• 9 What was one outcome of the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
• (1) State governments could now determine the
• constitutionality of federal laws.
• (2 ) The principle of judicial review was established .
• (3) Congress expanded its delegated powers.
•
• (4) A method to approve treaties was developed.

1.4
• 15 Before the former Confederate states could be
• readmitted to the Union, the congressional plan
• for Reconstruction required them to
• (1) ratify the 14th amendment
• (2) imprison all former Confederate soldiers
• (3) provide 40 acres of land to all freedmen
• (4) help rebuild Northern industries

1.4
• 15 Before the former Confederate states could be
• readmitted to the Union, the congressional plan
• for Reconstruction required them to
• (1) ratify the 14th amendment
• (2) imprison all former Confederate soldiers
• (3) provide 40 acres of land to all freedmen
• (4) help rebuild Northern industries

2.1
• 21 Muckrakers Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair
• influenced the federal government to
• (1) grant citizenship to people who had entered
• the country illegally
• (2) pass legislation to correct harmful business
• practices
• (3) force individual states to regulate monopolies
• (4) end racial discrimination in the workplace

2.1
• 21 Muckrakers Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair
• influenced the federal government to
• (1) grant citizenship to people who had entered
• the country illegally
• (2) pass legislation to correct harmful business
• practices
• (3) force individual states to regulate monopolies
• (4) end racial discrimination in the workplace

2.2
• 19 The principal reason Congress raised tariff rates in the late 1800s and early 1900s was to
• (1) increase personal income taxes
• (2) lower prices for American consumers
• (3) guarantee high wages to American workers
• (4) protect United States businesses from foreign
• competition

2.2
• 19 The principal reason Congress raised tariff rates in the late 1800s and early 1900s was to
• (1) increase personal income taxes
• (2) lower prices for American consumers
• (3) guarantee high wages to American workers
• (4) protect United States businesses from foreign competition

2.2
• 19 During the late 1800s, major improvements to a nationwide system of trade were made with the
• (1) construction of a network of canals
• (2) use of steamboats on rivers
• (3) completion of transcontinental railroads
• (4) construction of toll roads

2.2
• 19 During the late 1800s, major improvements to a nationwide system of trade were made with the
• (1) construction of a network of canals
• (2) use of steamboats on rivers
• (3) completion of transcontinental railroads
• (4) construction of toll roads

2.2
• 19 The closing of the frontier and the growth of
• industry in the late 1800s are two factors often
• associated with the
• (1) reduction of exports to Asian nations
• (2) restoration of a plantation economy in the
• South
• (3) formation of alliances with other nations
• (4) rise of United States imperialism

2.2
• 19 The closing of the frontier and the growth of
• industry in the late 1800s are two factors often
• associated with the
• (1) reduction of exports to Asian nations
• (2) restoration of a plantation economy in the
• South
• (3) formation of alliances with other nations
• (4) rise of United States imperialism

2.5
• 18 In passing the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890),
• Congress intended to
• (1) prevent large corporations from eliminating
• their competition
• (2) distinguish good trusts from bad trusts
• (3) regulate rates charged by railroads
• (4) force large trusts to bargain with labor unions

2.5
• 18 In passing the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890),
• Congress intended to
• (1) prevent large corporations from eliminating
• their competition
• (2) distinguish good trusts from bad trusts
• (3) regulate rates charged by railroads
• (4) force large trusts to bargain with labor unions

2.5
• 17 In the late 19th century, critics of big business claimed that monopolies most harmed the
• economy by
• (1) limiting competition
• (2) decreasing the urban growth rate
• (3) preventing technological innovation
• (4) failing to keep pace with European industries

2.5
• 17 In the late 19th century, critics of big business claimed that monopolies most harmed the
• economy by
• (1) limiting competition
• (2) decreasing the urban growth rate
• (3) preventing technological innovation
• (4) failing to keep pace with European industries

2.6
• 19 A high protective tariff passed by Congress is
• intended to affect the United States economy by
• (1) promoting free trade
• (2) limiting industrial jobs
• (3) encouraging American manufacturing
• (4) expanding global interdependence

2.6
• 19 A high protective tariff passed by Congress is
• intended to affect the United States economy by
• (1) promoting free trade
• (2) limiting industrial jobs
• (3) encouraging American manufacturing
• (4) expanding global interdependence

2.7
• 18 In the late 19th century, the ideas of Social
• Darwinism were used primarily to
• (1) encourage the passage of compulsory
• education laws
• (2) explain the differences in income between
• the rich and the poor
• (3) urge Congress to end immigration
• (4) support the growth of new political parties

2.7
• 18 In the late 19th century, the ideas of Social
• Darwinism were used primarily to
• (1) encourage the passage of compulsory
• education laws
• (2) explain the differences in income between
• the rich and the poor
• (3) urge Congress to end immigration
• (4) support the growth of new political parties

2.9
• 22 A major purpose of the Progressive movement
• (1900–1917) was to
• (1) stimulate the economy
• (2) support government control of factory
• production
• (3) encourage immigration from southern and
• eastern Europe
• (4) correct the economic and social abuses of
• industrial society

2.9
• 22 A major purpose of the Progressive movement
• (1900–1917) was to
• (1) stimulate the economy
• (2) support government control of factory
• production
• (3) encourage immigration from southern and
• eastern Europe
• (4) correct the economic and social abuses of
• industrial society

2.8
• 16 During the late 1800s, many United States
• farmers believed their economic problems would
• be solved if the federal government would
• (1) raise interest rates
• (2) outlaw strikes by labor unions
• (3) put more money into circulation
• (4) regulate the amount of grain that was
• produced

2.8
• 16 During the late 1800s, many United States
• farmers believed their economic problems would
• be solved if the federal government would
• (1) raise interest rates
• (2) outlaw strikes by labor unions
• (3) put more money into circulation
• (4) regulate the amount of grain that was
• produced

• 23 Today, the Federal Reserve System attempts to
• stabilize the economy of the United States by
• (1) requiring federal budgets be prepared and
• presented to Congress
• (2) levying and collecting income taxes
• (3) regulating interest rates and the money
• supply
• (4) backing all currency with silver and gold

• 23 Today, the Federal Reserve System attempts to
• stabilize the economy of the United States by
• (1) requiring federal budgets be prepared and
• presented to Congress
• (2) levying and collecting income taxes
• (3) regulating interest rates and the money
• supply
• (4) backing all currency with silver and gold

2.7
• 17 Society advances when its fittest members are allowed to assert themselves with the least
• hindrance.
• The idea expressed in this statement is most
• consistent with the
• (1) principles of Social Darwinism
• (2) concept of assimilation
• (3) goals of the Progressive movement
• (4) melting pot theory of American culture
•
• 18 During the late 1800s, many North American

2.7
• 17 Society advances when its fittest members are allowed to assert themselves with the least
• hindrance.
• The idea expressed in this statement is most
• consistent with the
• (1) principles of Social Darwinism
• (2) concept of assimilation
• (3) goals of the Progressive movement
• (4) melting pot theory of American culture
•
• 18 During the late 1800s, many North American

2.9
• 20 Which government action is most closely
• associated with the efforts of muckrakers?
• (1) ratification of the woman’s suffrage
• amendment
• (2) approval of the graduated income tax
• (3) creation of the National Forest Service
• (4) passage of the Meat Inspection Act

2.9
• 20 Which government action is most closely
• associated with the efforts of muckrakers?
• (1) ratification of the woman’s suffrage
• amendment
• (2) approval of the graduated income tax
• (3) creation of the National Forest Service
• (4) passage of the Meat Inspection Act

2.9
• 21 In the early 1900s, Progressive Era reformers
• sought to increase citizen participation in
• government by supporting the
• (1) expansion of the spoils system
• (2) direct election of senators
• (3) creation of the electoral college
• (4) formation of the Federal Reserve system

2.9
• 21 In the early 1900s, Progressive Era reformers
• sought to increase citizen participation in
• government by supporting the
• (1) expansion of the spoils system
• (2) direct election of senators
• (3) creation of the electoral college
• (4) formation of the Federal Reserve system

2.9
• 22 The Progressive movement supported the idea
• that the federal government should
• (1) regulate big business
• (2) reduce immigration
• (3) build an overseas empire
• (4) reduce the number of farms

2.9
• 22 The Progressive movement supported the idea
• that the federal government should
• (1) regulate big business
• (2) reduce immigration
• (3) build an overseas empire
• (4) reduce the number of farms

3.3
• 16 During the 1850s, Irish immigrants were often
• discriminated against because they
• (1) refused to participate in local politics
• (2) displaced slave labor in the South
• (3) arrived in the United States with great wealth
• (4) practiced the Roman Catholic religion

3.3
• 16 During the 1850s, Irish immigrants were often
• discriminated against because they
• (1) refused to participate in local politics
• (2) displaced slave labor in the South
• (3) arrived in the United States with great wealth
• (4) practiced the Roman Catholic religion