Cells and Classification of Life Reassessment Review Directions • Click “Slideshow” then “From Beginning” to view this presentation properly. • Take detailed notes. • STUDY and quiz your self over the information. CELLS Prokaryotic Cells – Single-celled organisms that do not have membrane-bound internal structures; no nucleus; simple cells with very little organization of the materials inside. EXAMPLE: bacteria Eukaryotic Cells –cells that have organelles; contain nucleus; cells with organized structures EXAMPLES: Protists, Animals, Plants, and Fungi Cell Parts Cytoplasm – All cells contain cytoplasm. It is a clear gel-like fluid (liquid) which takes up most space inside the cell, where many cell reactions and where organelles are located Nucleus – Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. control center of cell; brain of cell; usually located near center of cell; controls cell activity; contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Cell membrane – All cells have a cell membrane. It is the protective barrier of the cell that holds it together. It lets good material in and bad material out. Cell Wall – stiff outer barrier of a plant cell, outside of the cell membrane, mostly made up of cellulose, provides extra support and gives it shape; surrounds cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria DOMAINS The Three Domains of Life The 3 Domains of Life Domains are the first and the broadest of classifications. • One domain is Archea, which is composed of the organisms in the Kingdom Archeabacteria. • Bacteria is the second prokaryotic domain and is also composed of single kingdom Eubacteria. • The third domain, Eukarya, contains all four of the eukaryotic kingdoms: Animalia (animals), Fungi (fungi), Plantae (plants), and Protista (protists). KINGDOMS The 6 Kingdoms of Life The Kingdoms of Life • Biologists have further classified living things into six groups called Kingdoms. • Biologists group organisms into six Kingdoms based on the following: – Cell Type • Organisms are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. – Cell Number • Organisms are either unicellular or multicellular. – Nutrition • Organisms are either autotrophs or heterotrophs. Kingdom – a system used to classify and organize different organisms found on Earth into groups • • • • • • Archeabacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia • Contains all of Domain Archae. • Archaebacteria are prokaryotes that live in very harsh conditions. Kingdom Eubacteria • Contains all of Domain Bacteria. • Bacteria are prokaryotes and have no internal nucleus. • Bacteria are found in practically every environment on Earth. • Single or multi-celled organisms • Reproduce by spores • Heterotrophs that eat dead or living organisms decomposer • Yeasts, molds, mushrooms • • • • • • multi-cellular organisms surrounded by a cell wall make their own food (photosynthesis) Eukaryotes Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants Flowering plants produce seeds in flowers; conifers make seeds in cones; mosses and ferns reproduce by spores • multi-cellular organisms • eukaryotes • get energy from other organisms (omnivores) • mostly single-celled organisms • eukaryotes • Some feed on other organisms; ex. Amoeba and paramecium (heterotroph) • Some make their own food (photosynthesis); ex. Euglena and algae (autotroph)