Anatomy and Physiology
Helpful Handout for
Chapter 11
9.11 Meninges
= membranes located between bone and soft tissues of the nervous system
Dura mater = outmost layer, blood vessels, nerves
Arachnoid mater = no blood
vessels, located between
Pia mater = contains many nerves
and blood vessels to nourish cells
of brain and spinal cord
*Cerebrospinal fluid = between
arachnoid and pia maters
9.12 Spinal Cord
- nerve column, passes from brain
down through the vertebral canal
- has 31 segments, each with a pair of
spinal nerves
Cervical enlargement = supplies nerves
to upper limbs (neck)
Lumbar enlargement = supplies nerves
to the lower limbs (lower back)
FUNCTION: conducting nerve
impulses, serves as a center for spinal
reflexes
Ascending tracts = carry sensory info to
the brain
Descending tracts = carry motor
impulses from the brain to the muscles
Spinal reflexes – reflex arcs pass
through the spinal cord
Anatomy and Physiology
Helpful Handout for
Chapter 11
9.13 Brain
Three Major Parts:
Cerebrum – largest, sensory and motor functions, higher mental function
(memory, reasoning)
Cerebellum – coordinate voluntary muscles
Brain stem – regulate visceral functions
DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS:
1. Cerebral Hemispheres
2. Corpus Callosum
3. Convolutions / Sulcus / Gyrus
4. Transverse / Lateral / Longitudinal Fissures
Anatomy and Physiology
Helpful Handout for
Chapter 11
Lobes of the Brain
13. Sensory
5. Frontal Lobe
14. Association
6. Parietal Lobe
DIENCEPHALON & BRAIN STEM
7. Temporal Lobe
1. Diencephalon
8. Occipital Lobe
2. Thalamus
3. Hypothalamus
OTHER
4. Optic Tract / Chiasma
9. Cerebral Cortex
5. Midbrain
10. Ventricles
6. Pons
11. Cerebrospinal Fluid
7. Medulla
8. Pituitary Gland
Functional Regions:
9. Hippocampus
12. Motor
10. Limbic System
Anatomy and Physiology
Helpful Handout for
TYPES OF MEMORY: Episodic | Procedural | Semantic | Working
Chapter 11