AP US History
Chapter 4 Key Terms
Robert Walpole (page 102) – prime minister, refrained from strict enforcement of
Navigation Acts
- believed if England were loose with the trading restrictions, it will be better
Colonial Postal Service (page 103) – colonial population increased  built roads, rise of
intercolonial trades  helped increase communication between the colonies
French Explorers (page 104) – in the mid 17th century, began exploring near the
Mississippi area in America
- Louis Joliet and Father Jacques Marquette (1607) canoed down Green Bay
- Robert Cavelier – explored (1682) and found land, claimed it to belong to France and
named it Louisiana
- many more explorers followed and continued to find more land to claim
- to secure the claimed land in America they had a bunch of widely separated
communities, fortresses, missions, and trading posts
- French shared their territories with a large and powerful Indian population
- if they wanted to control North America, then they must become friends with the
natives and when it comes to war/battle times, natives will become very useful
Iroquois Confederacy (page 104) – most powerful native group in America
- traded with the English, Dutch and French
- wanted to maintain their independence, avoided being too friendly with the French and
the English
Anglo-French Wars (pages 104-105) – when Queen Anne ascended the throne (1702) and
carried on the struggle against France
- lasted for about 8 years
King William’s Wars (page 105) – 1687-1697: created clashes between English and
French in America
Queen Anne’s Wars (page 105) – began in 1701, lasted for about 12 years
- created conflicts  border fighting with Spaniards in South, French and their Indian
allies in North
Treaty of Utrecht (page 105) – ended conflicts in 1713
- in America, English gained land from French territories
Fort Necessity (page 105) – place where English attacked the French, French won
- began the French and Indian War
William Pitt (page 106) – English secretary of state, began planning military strategy for
North American conflict, appointing military commanders, and issuing orders to colonists
Peace of Paris (page 107) – signed in 1763, French gave all of their territories in America
to England except for New Orleans
- gave lands west of Mississippi to Spain
King George III (page 109) – became king, but had mental issues
- because he was mentally ill, it weakened the British government
- ascended from throne at the age of 21
George Greenville (page 109) – his brother-law was William Pitt, but they had different
views towards the American colonists
- he believed that the colonists should always obey to the laws of England and they
should pay a part of the war debt from the French and Indian War because England had
to waste time and money protecting them
Proclamation of 1763 (page 110) – a law to forbid the colonists from settling beyond the
line along the Appalachian Mountain
- this allowed London to control the westward movement of the white population
Mutiny Act (page 110) – 1765: colonists were required to assist in provisioning and
maintaining the army
- British ships were assigned to patrol around America and search for smugglers
Sugar Act (page 110) – 1764: eliminated illegal sugar trade with French and West Indies
- establish courts in America that accused smugglers, this helped juries benefit
Currency Act (page 111) - 1764: required colonial assemblies to stop issuing paper
money
Stamp Act (page 111) – 1765: tax on printed documents such as newspaper, pamphlets,
deeds, wills, licenses, and etc.
Paxton Boys (page 112) - from Pennsylvania, had demands for relief from colonial taxes
and for money to help them defend themselves against the Indians
Regulator Movement (page 112) - a group of farmers from Carolina who opposed the
high taxes
- Governor William had a army and defeated 2,000 Regulators in Battle of Alamance
Stamp Act Congress (page 114) - October 1765, met in New York with delegates from 9
colonies
- decided to petition the king and the two houses of Parliament
Marquis of Rockingham (page 114) - succeeded Grenville as prime minister in July 1765
- he tried to appease the English merchants and American colonists
- finally convinced king to end Stamp Act, but Parliament brought it back
Declaratory Act (page 114) - asserting Parliament have control over the colonists
Quartering Acts (page 115) - provided homes and supplies for the British troops in
America
Boston Massacre (page 116) - March 5, 1770, 5 people were killed, British fired at
colonists
- Samuel Adams involved in this court case
Samuel Adams (page 116-117) - cousin of John Adams, leading figure in public,
proposed the creation of a "committee of correspondence"
Tea Act (page 118) - passed to save British East Company's tea
Boston Tea Party (page 119) – Americans was angry about the Tea Act so they disguised
themselves as Indians and went on the ship and threw the teat into the sea/water
Lexington and Concord (page 122-123) – battle that started the Revolutionary War 
first battle of Revolutionary War
- “shot heard around the world”
- its all a misunderstanding, British wanted to take America’s guns, gunpowder, cannons,
and etc. but Americans thought British was going to attack them and when the British
accidently set the town on fire, Americans thought they started attacking and so they
attacked the British