Nonviolent Crisis Intervention® Training
Program (Refresher)
Luzerne Intermediate Unit #18
Unit I
The CPI Crisis Development Model
The CPI Crisis Development Model
Crisis Development/
Behavior Levels
1. Anxiety
2. Defensive
3. Acting Out Person
4. Tension Reduction
Staff Attitude/
Approaches
1. Supportive
2. Directive
3. Nonviolent Physical
Crisis Intervention
4. Therapeutic Rapport
Integrated Experience
The CPI Crisis Development Model
• Anxiety:
– A noticeable increase
or change in behavior
– e.g., pacing, finger
drumming, wringing of
hands, rocking, etc…
• Supportive
– An empathetic,
nonjudgmental
approach attempting
to alleviate anxiety
The CPI Crisis Development Model
• Defensive:
– The beginning stage of
loss of rationality
– Noncompliance, verbal
venting, accuse or
blame others
• Directive
– Manage a potentially
dangerous situation by
setting limits
The CPI Crisis Development Model
• Acting Out Person:
– The total loss of
control which often
results in a physical
acting out episode
• Nonviolent Physical
Crisis Intervention
– Safe, nonharmful
controls and
techniques used to
safely manage an
Acting Out Person
– Last Resort
The CPI Crisis Development Model
• Tension Reduction:
– a decrease in physical
and emotional energy
which occurs after a
person has acted out
– Regaining control
• Therapeutic Rapport
– Reestablish
communication
– Learning opportunity
– Give closure
– Build relationships
CPI Supportive Stance
• About a leg length away
• On an angle
• Hands visible
Reasons for using the
CPI Supportive Stance
1. Safety
2. Respectful
3. Non-threatening
Unit II
Verbal Intervention
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
• Part of the Defensive stage of the CPI
Crisis Development Model
• The goal of staff is to deescalate the
individual
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
3. Release
4. Intimidation
5. Tension Reduction
2. Refusal
1. Questioning
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
• Questioning
a. Information-seeking: a rational question
seeking a rational response
b. Challenge: questioning authority, being
evasive, attempts to draw staff into power
struggle
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
•
Interventions
a. Give Information- be a resource
b. Stick to the topic (redirect), ignore the
challenge (not the person), avoid the
struggle
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
• Refusal
– Noncompliance, no-mode, drop and flop
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
• Intervention
– The process of setting limits
• Choices/options
• Incentives/consequences
• Space and time (planned ignoring-extinction)
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
• Release
– Verbal venting, tantrums, screaming, yelling
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
• Intervention
– Let child vent
– Isolate the situation
– Team approach
– Enforce limits
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
• Intimidation
– Individual is making threats
– Verbally or nonverbally
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
• Intervention
– Take all threats seriously
– (document and inform or exit room)
– Take a team approach
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
• Tension Reduction
Decrease in Emotional and Physical
energy
The CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
• Intervention
– Establish Therapeutic Rapport
• Reestablish communication
Keys to Setting Limits
• Clear and Concise
– Simple and easy to
understand
– Use their
communication
• Reasonable
– Fair, incentives, buy-in
• Enforceable
– Remember space and
time
– Follow through
Verbal Intervention Tips and
Techniques
• DO
–
–
–
–
–
Remain Calm
Isolate the situation
Enforce limits
Listen
Be aware of
nonverbals
– Be consistent
– Ignore challenge
questions
– Be nonthreatening
• DON’T
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Overreact
Provide an audience
Change them
Ignore
Communicate emotion
Make false promises
Get in a power
struggle
– Be threatening
Remember
The CPI Crisis Development Model
Crisis Development/
Behavior Levels
1. Anxiety
2. Defensive
3. Acting Out Person
4. Tension Reduction
Staff Attitude/
Approaches
1. Supportive
2. Directive
3. Nonviolent Physical
Crisis Intervention
4. Therapeutic Rapport
Integrated Experience
Unit III
CPI’s Personal Safety Techniques
Definitions
• STRIKE
– A weapon coming in
contact with a target
• Grab
– The attempt to control
or destroy part of
one’s body
Principles of Personal Safety
• Strike
1. Block or deflect the weapon
2. Move the target
Principles of Personal Safety
• Grab
1. Gain a physiological advantage
a. Weak point
b. Leverage
c. Momentum
2. Gain a psychological advantage
a. Remain calm
b. Have a plan
c. Use element of surprise or distraction
Principles of Personal Safety
• Response to the Strike
– Natural and instinctive
• Response to the Grab
– Not natural and instinctive
Unit IV
Nonviolent Physical Crisis
Intervention and Team
Intervention
Nonviolent Physical Crisis
Intervention
•
•
•
•
•
Use a team approach
Use as a last resort
Used for protection, not punishment
Intent is to calm a person down
Non-harmful in design
RISKS OF RESTRAINTS
• What one needs to breathe
– Open Airway
– Gas Exchange
– Movement of Ribcage and Diaphragm
Control Dynamics
1. Reduce upper body strength by
controlling arms as weapons
a. Turn palms up
b. Raise arms above shoulders
c. Anchor arm to your body (hip area)
Control Dynamics
2. Reduce lower body strength by
controlling the back line
a. Lower shoulders below hips
Control Dynamics
3. Reduce mobility by close body contact
a. Move hips close to individual’s body
b. Move the individual’s center of gravity
forward, bring him onto his toes (ball of foot)
POST-TEST
EVALUATION
The End