Imperialism
Policy in which stronger nations
extend their economic, political, or
military control over weaker
nations
Major Factors
• Economic: increase need for natural
resources
• Nationalist: competition for large empire
• Military: superior to those in Africa and
Asia
• Humanitarian: duty to spread the blessing
of western civilization
Annexation of Alaska
• William Seward
• 1867: Russian $7.2 million
• 1959: becomes a state
Annexation of Hawaii
• American sugar planters gain control of
Hawaii’s govt and economy
• McKinley Tariff
• Queen Liliuokalani
• Sanford B. Dole
Spanish American Cuban War
• Cuban Rebellion
– General Valeriano Wyler
– Jose Marti
• Yellow Journalism
•
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• De Lome Letter
• Enrique De Lome (Spanish Minister to US)
• Criticized McKinley
Spanish American Cuban War
• USS Maine
– Sent to Cuba to protect Amer
– Remember the Maine
– War with Spain
• Philippines
– George Dewey’s victory
• Cuba
– Rough Riders
– Lead to invasion of Puerto Rico
Spanish American Cuban War
•
Treaty of Paris
–
1.
2.
3.
Ended Splendid Little War
Cuba gain independence
Sp give Puerto Rico and Guam to US
US pay Sp $20 million for annexation of
Philippine Islands
- Residents would not become US Citizens
US and Puerto Rico
• Not smart enough to govern themselves
• Needed for maintaining presence in
Caribbean and protecting future canal
across Isthmus of Panama
• Foraker Act
Cuba and US
•
Platt Amendment
1. Cuba could not make treaties that allowed
foreign country control
2. US reserved right to intervene to preserve
independence
3. Cuba was not to go into debt
4. US could buy/lease land for naval or coaling
stations
* Became a US Protectorate
Philippine-American War
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• Rebelled against US
• US forced Filipinos to live in designated
areas
• US set up govt; 2 houses
• Finally gained independence
Open Door Policy
• US needed to maintain trade with China
• Sec of State John Hay
• US called for open access to China’s
coastal ports, elimination of special
privileges for any trading nations and the
maintenance of China’s independence
Boxer Rebellion
• Chinese opposed to Western influence in
their country
• Boxers: drive out evils
• Rebellion stopped by outside forces
• US scared about fate of China and issued
2nd open door notes
– US safeguard trade with China
Impact of gains
• Not necessary to own people to trade with
them
• Expense of maintaining Amer empire
would out weight benefits
• McKinley assassinated and Teddy
Roosevelt steps in
Russo-Jap War
• Russia controlled Manchuria, wanted
Korea which Japan set up as an
independent nation
• War broke out b/w Russia and Japan
• Japan wanted Roosevelt to intervene->
Nobel Peace Prize
Panama Canal
• Roosevelt wanted canal, shortcut b/w
Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
• Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
• Panama claimed independence from
Columbia with help of US
• Panama gave US control of strip in
exchange for help
Roosevelt Corollary
• US did not want Europe to intervene in
Latin America due to monies owed
• Speak softly and carry and big stick and
you will go far
• Dollar Diplomacy: US policy of using the
nation’s economic power to exert influence
over other countries
Wilson and Missionary Diplomacy
• Monroe Doctrine
• Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
Mexican Revolution
• Porfirio Diaz-> Frances Madero -> General
Victoriana Huerta
• Wilson refused to recognize Huerta
• War broke out
• Huerta regime collapsed -> Venustiano
Carranza
• Emiliano Zapata and Franscisco Pancho
Villa
– Led revolts against Carranza & US
US Goals Achieved
1. Expanded its access to foreign markets
in order to ensure the continued growth
of the domestic economy
2. Built a modern Navy to protect its interest
abroad
3. Exercised its power to ensure American
dominance in Latin America