Biology Midterm Exam Review
1. Which organisms are most closely related in the
DNA fingerprints to the right?
2.
Which of the following species are most closely related?
Species 1: TACGGAAGC
Species 2: TCCGCCACG
Species 3: TGCGGAAGA
Species 4: TACCCACGA
3.
List in order the names of the phases of the cell cycle. Put a circle around the 4
that are considered to be a part of mitosis.
4.
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
5. What are the differences between a
prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic
cell? Label the cells in the diagram:
prokaryote eukaryote.
6. The solution in the diagram to the right contains 93% water
and 7% sugar. The animal cell in the solution is 99% water and
1% sugar. How will osmosis affect the animal cell?
7. The sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration of a normal human blood cell is 0.9%.
The picture on the right shows a normal red blood cell, while the picture to the right
shows a red blood cell that has been placed in a salt
solution. In order for the cell to burst, would the
concentration of salt in the solution be higher or
lower than the concentration of salt in the blood?
8.
Use the following forms of cellular
transport to label the diagram to the right:
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active
transport.
9. What would happen to a freshwater fish if you were to put it in a salt water tank?
What would happen to a salt water fish if you were to put it in a fresh water tank?
10. Why is a virus considered to be non-living?
Label the protein coat and the genetic material.
11. What does the cell theory state?
1.
2.
3.
12. Identify what happens in each stage of the viral
cycles in the picture to the right.
What is the difference between the
Lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle?
Of the 2 cycles above, the flu is an
example of _____________________ .
13. What process is taking place in the
diagram to the right?
Dehydration synthesis
Or
Hydrolysis
What is the difference between the
two?
14. Look at the
equations to the
right and answer
the questions.
Label each equation as photosynthesis or respiration.
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
What are the reactants of respiration?
15. Using your knowledge of biomolecules and the chart below, label compounds A, B,
C, and D. (Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids)
What are some other characteristics of compound each?
Biomolecule
Structure
Function
16. Label each of the 4 biomolecules. (Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids)
Which structure is used as the primary source of energy?
17. What type of molecule (monomer) makes up the long chains of DNA?
What are the 3 components of this molecule?
18. Which type of RNA carries the coding information to the site of
protein synthesis? mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
19. Enzymes help us with many bodily functions. The enzyme that helps us start the
process of digestion when we eat is called amylase. How does amylase help in the
process of digestion of food?
20. In a DNA molecule, which component of the nucleotide specifically determines the
characteristics of an organism?
21. Complete the diagram below with the missing
complimentary bases:
Where does the molecule separate before
replication begins?
22. Label the numbered items on the
following drawing.
What is the name of the process that
is happening in this drawing?
23. What kind of mutation is pictured in
the diagram?
Explain how this could cause the
wrong enzymes(proteins) to be made.
Explain why chromosomal mutations
would affect more than one enzyme.
24. Certain genes can be turned on and off when they are needed. The leads to
differentiation in cells. Explain why gene expression would need to be a regulated
process.
25. A DNA analysis was done on several suspects of a
crime that was committed. The results are pictured
below. Who did not commit the crime?
26. Circle the correct word:
A (point/frameshift) mutation causes a change in a single base. A deletion or
insertion causes a (point/frameshift) mutation.
27. A black chicken and a white chicken produce grey baby chicks. What kind of
genetic inheritance is this?
28. What is this picture called and what does it tell you
about the person?
29. Circle the correct answer:
Mitosis produces (body cells/sex cells). Meiosis produces (body cells/sex cells).
30. Look at the following diagram and describe
what process is occurring. Explain what is
happening to the chromosomes in the cells.
31. Uncontrolled cell growth and development can lead to what disease?
32. In aliens blue hair (B) is dominant over white hair (b). A homozygous recessive
white haired alien is crossed with a heterozygous blue haired alien. Draw a Punnett
Square to solve this problem and give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios
produced by this cross.
33. Describe how cell differentiation can explain
this picture:
34. Gene expression can be controlled by temperature. This results in animals with
multiple colors of fur. Give an example of how this happens.
35. Label and write a short description of what is happening in each of the following
pictures.