First Semester Final Study Guide
1. You suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is a(an)
2. A student suggests that a certain species of bacteria grows better in the light than in the dark. The student has
10 culture plates on which to grow the bacteria. Which of the following would be the best experiment to test
this idea?
3. When enough experimental data support a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a(an)
4. Which of the following levels of organization includes all of the living things on Earth?
5. Which of the following is the best reason for using a scanning electron microscope?
6. Safety procedures are important when working
7. The three particles that make up atoms are
8. If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is
9. Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
10. A covalent bond is formed as the result of
11. What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
12. If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were measured,
13. A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain in
New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State
has a pH of
14. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
15. Which of the following is a form of energy that may be released during a chemical reaction?
16. Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells?
17. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
18. Which of the following contain a nucleus?
19. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
20. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
21. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the
cell to use?
22. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
23. Which structures carry out cell movement?
24. Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is
25. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
26. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
27. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
28. Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most
complex level?
29. Which of the following is an autotroph?
Figure 8–1
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Which structures shown in Figure 8–1 make up an ATP molecule?
In Figure 8–1, between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an
Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called
Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens?
Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
The starting molecule for glycolysis is
The two main types of fermentation are called
The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process?
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?
As a cell grows, it
Which of the following is a phase in the cell cycle?
When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?
The cell cycle is the
Figure 10–2
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The structure labeled A in Figure 10–2 is called the
The structures labeled B in Figure 10–2 are called
Which of the following is a phase of mitosis?
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each
containing
Cancer cells form masses of cells called
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
Offspring that result from crosses between parents with different traits
Gregor Mendel concluded that traits are
If you made a Punnett square showing Gregor Mendel’s cross between true-breeding tall plants and truebreeding short plants, the square would show that the offspring had
If a pea plant that is heterozygous for round, yellow peas (RrYy) is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous
for round peas but heterozygous for yellow peas (RRYy), how many different phenotypes are their offspring
expected to show?
Variation in human skin color is an example of
If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
Gametes are produced by the process of
Figure 11–3
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What is shown in Figure 11–3?
What happens between meiosis I and meiosis II that reduces the number of chromosomes?
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
In eukaryotes, DNA
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
Unlike DNA, RNA contains
What is produced during transcription?
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Figure 12–2
What does Figure 12–2 show?
How many bases are needed to specify three amino acids?
Genes contain instructions for assembling
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
Which of the following can be observed in a karyotype?
Human females produce egg cells that have
What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female?
A human female inherits
In a pedigree, a circle represents a(an)
Which of the following is caused by a dominant allele that expresses itself late in a person’s life?
Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease
Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because
Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born
If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis,