Tristam, Sean, Downey
Mr.Snyder
Dec 04/13
General Structure
Amides are derived from carboxyclic acids and
amines
1st degree amides only have 1 carbon chain
2nd degree amides have two carbon chains: one
off of the nitrogen and one off of the main
3rd degree amides have three carbon chains: the
main, and two off of the nitrogen
Steps In naming amides
• First step identify the parent chain starting from the
carbonyl group
• Second step is to replace the ending by taking the “e”
off and replacing it with amide
• Third step is naming in methyl or ethyl groups off the
parent chain which are named the same way as alkanes
or alkenes unless the methyl ethyl or propyl comes off
the nitrogen which then gives the name N in front of
the methyl or ethyl. Also if two come off the nitrogen it
is nn dimethyl, ethyl etc
• Fourth step in the case of a double or triple bond the
same rule applies just like alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
Examples ( name amide)
O
N
O
N
Can you draw these amides
1,3,5-triethyl-N-methyl-N-propyloctanamide
2,4-diethyl-1,3,5-trimethly-N,N-dipropyl-cis-7-nonenamide
Uses
uses of amides include coloring for the dye industry, a
number of different neurotransmitter drugs, treatment of
natural gas, explosives, nylon, Kevlar, latex, latex
thickeners, adhesives, paint, cosmetics, and paper
pigment.
Properties
Amides are neutral compounds -- in contrast to
their seemingly close relatives, the amines, which
are basic. The amide linkage is planar-- even
though we normally show the C-N connected by a
single bond, which should provide free rotation.
The solubility's of amides and esters are roughly
comparable. Typically amides are less soluble
than comparable amines and carboxylic acids
since these compounds can both donate and
accept hydrogen bonds.
Amide Reactions
Formation
Carboxylic acids react with Ammonia(NH 3) or a 1°
or 2° Amine compound
This is a condensation reaction which results in
the formation of a H 2O and an Amide compound
Formation Cont’d
Seen above a carboxylic acid reacts with a 1°
Amine
If a 2° or Ammonia are used it is a very similar
reaction with a slightly different product amine
Formation Conditions
For condensation to occur there are two factors
which are to be met:
Heat
Reaction takes place in conc. H 2SO4
Other Amide Reactions
There is one other reaction which breaks Amides
into a Carboxylic acid and a 1°, 2° amine or an
Ammonia known as Hydrolysis
Essentially the reverse of Condensation as water
is reacted with an Amide to produce
The only condition for this reaction is the
presence of an acid or base as a catalyst
Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/amides/backg
round.html
http://www.ask.com/question/uses-of-amides
http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/Chemistry/Organic/NamingAmides.php