Test Review – Chapters 16-19
Essays
1. DNA replication (enzymes and functions; okazaki fragments; leading strand and lagging strand)
2. Repressible (trp operon) and inducible operon (lac operon); prokaryote gene expression (operon
hypothesis).
3. Protein synthesis, both transcription and translation in a eukaryote (know the possible results of
a point mutation)
4. Eukaryote gene expression
Know that:
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Percentages of A-T are equal; G-C are equal (Chargaff’s rule – DNA)
What is a telomere? Function?
Similarities and Difference between DNA and RNA.
Describe the Watson and Crick model of DNA. (Locations and types of bonds)
Know the math involved in figuring out how the triplet code (codon) in DNA codes for 20
different amino acids.
What are all the parts of a transcription initiation complex?
Know how to read a table of codons.
New nucleotides must always be added at the ____ end. Why?
What are the characteristics of a virus?
Describe the lysogenic phase of a phage virus.
Describe the lytic phase of the phage virus.
What is a retrovirus? Reverse transcriptase?
What is a point mutation? A frameshift mutation?
What is a plasmid?
What is a transposon?
Know the difference between methylation and acetylation.
Know how bacteria reproduce and how they exchange genetic material.
Know how DNA is packed into a cell.