Which of the following is a unique characteristic
of arteries, when compared to veins?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Arteries contain tunica interna, tunica media,
and tunica externa.
Arteries have a thinner tunica media.
Arteries contain an internal elastic membrane in
their tunica interna.
Arteries collapse when blood is not flowing
through them.
Which of the following is an important
characteristic of capillaries?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Blood flows through them quickly and exchange
occurs slowly.
Blood flows through them slowly and exchange
occurs quickly.
They expand and recoil with elastic rebound.
None of these is correct.
Where are fenestrated capillaries important?
Why?
1.
2.
3.
4.
In filtration areas of the kidneys/they allow rapid
exchange of water and solutes between plasma
and interstitial fluid.
In the blood-brain barrier/they have restricted
permeability.
In almost all areas of the body/they allow diffusion
of very small molecules and water.
All of the above are correct.
Why are valves located in veins, but not
in arteries?
1. Because venous blood pressure is lower
2. Because valves prevent backflow of
blood
3. Because venous walls are more
muscular
4. 1 and 2 are correct
Georgia stands all day at her job, from what
condition may she begin to suffer?
1.
2.
3.
4.
An aneurysm
Varicose veins
Atherosclerosis
High blood pressure
The heart and arteries of the systemic and
pulmonary circuits contain ___% of blood volume
and the venous system contains ____%. Why?
1.
2.
3.
4.
50:50/Blood must be evenly distributed.
65:35/High capacitation of arteries.
35:65/Low capacitation of veins.
All of these may be correct, depending on
whether the individual is sedentary or
exercising.
Why is blood pressure higher in the aorta than in
the inferior vena cava?
1. The diameter of the aorta is smaller and
velocity of blood flow is also greater.
2. The cross-sectional area of both is the same,
but velocity is higher in the inferior vena cava.
3. Arterial branching is less than that of arteries.
4. The aorta is shorter than the inferior vena cava.
If two blood vessels are of equal length, but one is 2
times the diameter of the other, how is resistance to
flow affected in the wider vessel? What equation
expresses this?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Resistance is half as great/F ar(½)
Resistance is twice as great/F ar(2)
Resistance is 16 times greater/F ar4
Resistance is 16 times less/F a1/r4
How is mean arterial pressure (MAP) determined?
1. It is the difference between systolic and
diastolic pressure.
2. It is diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure
divided by 3).
3. It is systolic pressure + pulse pressure.
4. None of these is correct.
While standing in the hot sun, Sally begins to feel
light headed and faints. Explain.
1. Blood has pooled in her lower limbs.
2. Cardiac output has decreased, sending
less blood to the brain.
3. Sweating has reduced blood volume.
4. All of the above have occurred.
Why does most filtration take place at the arterial
end of a capillary?
1.
2.
3.
4.
CHP is higher at the arterial end.
Answer:
Fenestrations are larger in diameter.
There are more solutes to be filtered there.
Blood colloidal osmotic pressure is greater
there.
What event is happening if net filtration pressure
(NFP) is negative?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fluid is moving out of a capillary.
The volume of interstitial fluid is increasing.
Reabsorption is occurring in a capillary.
The person may be hemorrhaging.
Which of the following is an example of a local
vasoconstrictor?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nitric oxide
Prostaglandins
Elevated temperature
Lactic acid
ADH, angiotensin II, EPO, and ANP are all involved
in long-term regulation of blood volume. Which two
are also important in regulating blood pressure?
1.
2.
3.
4.
ANP and ADH
ANP and EPO
EPO and ADH
ADH and angiotensin II
If blood pressure rises above normal and
baroreceptors in the carotid sinus are unresponsive,
which of the following conditions will occur?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Vasomotor centers inhibited/cardioinhibitory
centers stimulated/decrease in cardiac output
Vasomotor and cardioacceleratory centers remain
stimulated/decreased blood flow to the brain
Decrease in cardiac output/peripheral vasodilation
Vasomotor centers stimulated/increased blood flow
to the brain
Mr. Tanner has been prescribed an ACE inhibitor.
ACE inhibitors prevent ___.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Production of aldosterone and secretion of ADH
Stimulation of cardioinhibitory centers
The cascade of events following release of EPO
None of these is correct
Why does blood pressure increase during
exercise?
1. Because cardiac output increases
2. Because resistance in visceral tissues
increases
3. Because generating muscular heat
constricts arteries
4. 1 and 2 are correct
A patient in the ER has lost 1.5 liters of blood. Which
of the following help restore venous return and
improve cardiac output?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Secretion of E, NE, and constriction of arterioles
Secretion of ADH and aldosterone
Mobilization of venous reserves and recall of
interstitial fluids
All of the above are correct
The pulmonary veins are the only veins that ____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Carry blood away from the heart
Carry oxygenated blood
Carry lymph into blood circulation
Carry blood to more than one organ
Trace blood from the aortic arch to the right thumb.
a = artery and v = vein | R = right and L = left
1.
2.
3.
4.
R. subclavian a.  R. axillary a.  R. brachial a. 
R. ulnar a.  Palmar arches
R. radial v.  R. brachial v.  R. axillary v.  R.
subclavian v.  Brachiocephalic v.
Brachiocephalic a.  R. subclavian a.  R. axillary
a.  R. brachial a.  R. radial a.  Palmar
arches
None of these is correct
Gordon has suffered a stroke in his basilar artery.
Which regions of his brain suffer damage?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Medulla, pons, and cerebellum.
Frontal lobes and anterior parietal lobes.
Posterior parietal and occipital lobes.
None of these, because of alternate circulatory
routes through the cerebral arterial circle.
Grace is in an automobile accident, and her celiac
trunk is ruptured. Which organs are directly
affected by this injury?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kidneys, adrenal glands
Stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas
Gonads, abdominal wall, diaphragm
Diaphragm, esophagus, liver
Blood in the left internal iliac artery could travel to all
of the following destinations, except _____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pelvic muscles
Reproductive organs
Gluteal muscles
Quadriceps muscles
A thrombus in the popliteal vein prevents blood flow
from the _____ and to the ______.
1. Internal iliac vein/gluteal vein
2. Tibial and fibular veins/femoral vein
3. Small saphenous vein/anterior tibial vein and
dorsal venous arch
4. External iliac vein/fibular and tibial veins
The hepatic portal system delivers ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nutrients to the liver
Wastes to the kidneys
Oxygenated blood to the abdominal organs
Hormones and enzymes to the pancreas
In fetal circulation, what is the role of the ductus
venosus?
1. Connects aorta and pulmonary trunk, thus
bypassing pulmonary circulation
2. Brings oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
3. Collects blood from veins of the liver and
empties into the inferior vena cava
4. Carries away metabolic wastes and carbon
dioxide