TURABIAN CITATION FOOTNOTES

advertisement
TURABIAN CITATION:
FOOTNOTES
Turabian, pp. 143-145
When to footnote?
• Direct Quotation
• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing
When to quote directly?
• The original language uses particular, discipline-specific
terminology
• The original language is especially expressive,
beautiful, or otherwise significant
• It is necessary to present someone’s exact
words without any interpretation or change
• You wish first to present an author’s exact
words, then to give your interpretation of those
words
Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing gives you the opportunity to
explain the original source by…
Putting someone else’s thoughts into your own
words,
Making those thoughts clearer and more to the
point,
Applying thoughts from one context to another
context,
Giving further examples of how the idea works.
Footnotes: What Are They?
Footnotes (found at the bottom of the page) tell the
reader exactly where the information cited can be found.
The first note indicating use of a source will give full
bibliographic information (author, title, date of
publication, publisher, etc.) plus the page number for the
information cited.
Additional footnotes immediately following the first can
be noted with Ibid. (meaning in the same place), followed
by the page number for the information cited; OR an abbreviated
reference listing the author’s name, title of work if necessary, and the
page number.
Additional footnotes referring to a previous note, but not
immediately following ALWAYS list the author’s name (title of work
when necessary) and the page number.
Primary document in a source
book
1. P.N. Miliukov, “Stupidity or Treason?” in
The Russian Revolution, 1917-1921, ed.
Ronald Kowalski (New York: Routledge,
1997), 33.
2. Petr Chaadaev, “Philosophical Letter,” in
Derek Offord, Nineteenth-Century Russia:
Opposition to Autocracy (New York:
Longman, 1999), 25.
3. Miliukov, “Stupidity,” 35.
Internet database, primary
11.Count von Moltke, “The Coronation of
Tsar Alexander II (1855),” Internet
Modern History Sourcebook, Fordham
University.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mod
sbook39.html [accessed July 7, 2009].
12. Von Moltke, “Coronation.”
Book, by author or editor
9. Daniel T. Orlovsky, The Limits of Reform:
The Ministry of Internal Affairs in Imperial
Russia, 1802-1881 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1981), 22.
10. Edith W. Clowes, Samuel D. Kassow, and
James L. West, eds., Between Tsar and
People: Educated Society and the Quest for
Public Identity in Late Imperial Russia
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991),
18.
Scholarly article (print or
database)
8. Sarah Stein, “Faces of Protest:
Yiddish Cartoons and the 1905
Revolution,” Slavic Review 61,
no. 4 (Winter 2002): 733.
Internet site (secondary)
16. “History and Culture of Russia,” Geographia,
http://www.geographia.com/russia/rushis1.html
[accessed July 7, 2009].
MERSH (signed encyclopedia
article)
22. John B. Smith, “Franco-Russian
Treaties-of 1891-1894,” in Modern
Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet
History, ed. Joseph Wieczynski, vol. 11
(Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International
Press, 1977), 19.
Book review
13.Thomas F. Remington, review of The
Logic of Economic Reform in Russia, by
Jerry F. Hough, Slavic Review 61, no. 4
(Winter 2002): 870.
14. Ibid., 871.
Download