General Turabian Guidelines
General Turabian Guidelines
• Format Requirements
– 1 inch margins / 12 pt. Times New Roman font
– Double Spaced (block quotes are single spaced)
– Page Numbers
• No page number on title page
• Two possible locations:
– Centered or flush right in the footer
Turabian Pagination
General Turabian Guidelines
• Your paper should have three major sections.
1. Title Page
2. Main Body
3. Bibliography
• Title Page
– NO Page Number on title page
– Title centered
– Your Name centered
– Teacher Name & Period centered
– Date centered
Turabian Sample Title Page
Class Paper
General Turabian Guidelines
• Main Body
– NO strict format for headings and subheadings
– Most commonly uses footnotes
• First citation includes full bibliographical information
• Short forms used thereafter
• Consecutive citations use Ibid.
• Footnotes
– Refers to the original source (quote or paraphrase)
– Further Explanation of the text
– Reference to further information
Source Integration
Why Source Integration?

Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries
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–
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provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing
refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing
give examples of several points of view on a subject
call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with
highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by
quoting the original
– distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue
readers that the words are not your own
– expand the breadth or depth of your writing
--Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html
--p. 169 - 170 APA 6e
Choosing Text to Integrate
1. Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas.
2. Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of
the essay is.
3. Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the
essay.
4. Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you
believe should be quoted directly.
--Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html
--p. 169 - 170 APA 6e
Summarizing

When you summarize, you put the main idea(s) into your own
words, including only the main point(s).
– Summarized ideas must be attributed to the original source.
– Summaries are significantly shorter than the original.
– Summaries take a broad overview of source material.
--Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html
--p. 170 - 174 APA 6e
Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material
into your own words.
– Attribute paraphrases to their original sources.
– Paraphrases are usually shorter than, but may be the same length as,
the original passage.
– Paraphrases take a more focused segment of the source and condense
it slightly.
--Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html
--p. 170 - 174 APA 6e
Quoting

Quotations must be identical to the original.
– Quotations use a narrow segment of the source.
– They must match the source document word for word and must be
attributed to the original author.
– Use quotes when the actual words are so integral to the discussion
that they cannot be replaced.
– Use quotes when the author’s words are so precisely and accurately
stated that they cannot be paraphrased.
--Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. (2004). Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html
--p. 170 - 174 APA 6e
Block Quotes
- 5 or more lines
- Single spaced
- Indented
- No quotation marks
- Footnote at end
Using Footnotes in Text
Using Footnotes in Text
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When using Chicago footnotes, whenever a source is
used in a paper, a footnote is inserted to credit the
source.
Footnotes are shown in text as superscript numbers
that relate to a numbered source at the bottom of the
page.
The source at the bottom of the page includes much, if
not all, of the original bibliographic source information
A simple rule: Who, What, Where, When, Which (pages)
– Authors’ First and Last Names, “Title” Title of
Periodical, Owner, or Publisher (Date of Publication):
XX-XX (( page range))
Using Footnotes in Text
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

To enter a footnote (in Microsoft Word), place
the cursor at the end of the sentence (after
the period) that includes information or ideas
from a source. Click “References” and click
“Insert Foot Note”
This inserts the superscript number and allows
you to insert the corresponding source
material at the bottom of the page with the
matched number
The order the subscript and citations follow is
the order they appear in the text
Inserting Footnotes
General Turabian Guidelines
• Footnotes, cont.
– First Reference
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•
•
Cite all information
First name first
Follow style format
–
4. Allen Williams, Knowledge from Reading (Los Angeles:
Booky Books, 2010), 22-25.
– Further References
•
•
•
Author’s last name (comma)
Short version of the title (comma)
Page number (period)
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6. Williams, “Knowledge from”, 32.
General Turabian Guidelines
• Footnotes, cont.
– Consecutive citing of the same source
•
•
•
Ibid. (comma)
Page number (if different page)
Avoid using if referring to a note on a different
page of your text.
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– Format
•
•
•
•
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4. Allen Williams, Knowledge from Reading (Los Angeles: Booky Books, 2010), 22-25.
5. Ibid., 54-55.
6. Ibid.
Use 10 or 12 point font
Footnote is single spaced
First line is indented
Space between each footnote
Each footnote ends with a period
Turabian Footnotes
• Book (single author or editor)
1. Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a
Big Difference (Boston: Little Brown, 2000), 64–65.
• Book (two or three authors)
1. Peter Morey and Amina Yaqin, Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and
Representation after 9/11 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011), 52.
• Book (four or more authors)
1. Jay M. Bernstein et al., Art and Aesthetics after Adorno (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2010), 276.
Turabian Footnotes
• Book (author plus editor or translator)
1. Jane Austen, Persuasion: An Annotated Edition, ed. Robert Morrison
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011), 311–12.
• Book (edition number)
1. John Van Maanen, Talkes of the Filed: On Writing Ethnograpy, 2nd ed.
(Chicago: University of Chicago Proess, 2011), 84.
• Book (single chapter in an edited book)
1. Ángeles Ramírez, “Muslim Women in the Spanish Press: The
Persistence of Subaltern Images,” in Muslim Women in War and Crisis:
Representation and Reality, ed. Faegheh Shirazi (Austin: University of Texas Press,
2010), 231.
Turabian Footnotes
• Book (electronic)
1. Isabel Wilkerson, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of
America’s Great Migration (New York: Vintage, 2010), 183–84, Kindle.
2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), chap. 10, doc. 19, accessed October
15, 2011, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
3. Joseph P. Quinlan, The Last Economic Superpower: The Retreat of
Globalization, the End of American Dominance, and What We Can Do about It
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010), 211, accessed December 8, 2012, ProQuest
Ebrary.
Turabian Footnotes
• Journal Article (print)
1. Alexandra Bogren, “Gender and Alcohol: The Swedish Press Debate,”
Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2011): 156.
• Journal Article (online)
1. Campbell Brown, “Consequentialize This,” Ethics 121, no. 4 (July
2011): 752, accessed December 1, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660696.
2. Anastacia Kurylo, “Linsanity: The Construction of (Asian) Identity in
an Online New York Knicks Basketball Forum,” China Media Research 8, no. 4
(October 2012): 16, accessed March 9, 2013, Academic OneFile.
Turabian Footnotes
• Website
1. Susannah Brooks, “Longtime Library Director Reflects on a Career at
the Crossroads,” University of Wisconsin-Madison News, September 1, 2011,
accessed May 14, 2012, http://www.news.wisc.edu/19704.
2. “Toy Safety,” McDonald’s Canada, accessed November 30, 2011,
http://www.mcdonalds.ca/en/community/toysafety.aspx.
General Turabian Guidelines
• Bibliography
– “Bibliography” centered at the top of the page
– Uses the same information as initial footnotes,
yet with minute differences.
– Alphabetical order by last name
• Only the first author’s name is reversed
– Hanging indent
– Multiple works by the same author
• Author’s name on first
• A 3-em dash replaces name thereafter (———)
Turabian Bibliography
Turabian Bibliography
• Rules of Thumb
- Reverse the first name only.
- Change commas to periods between items.
- Remove parentheses
- Remove specific page numbers.
Turabian Bibliography
• Book (single author or editor)
Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big
Difference. Boston, MA: Little Brown, 2000.
• Book (two or three authors)
Morey, Peter and Amina Yaqin, Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and
Representation after 9/11. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
2011.
• Book (four or more authors)
List all names in bibliography
Turabian Bibliography
• Journal Article (print)
Bogren, Alexandra. “Gender and Alcohol: The Swedish Press Debate.” Journal of
Gender Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2011): 140-156.
• Journal Article (online)
Brown, Campbell. “Consequentialize This.” Ethics 121, no. 4 (July 2011): 740752. Accessed December 1, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660696.
Kurylo, Anastacia. “Linsanity: The Construction of (Asian) Identity in an Online
New York Knicks Basketball Forum.” China Media Research 8, no. 4
(October 2012): 11-16. Accessed March 9, 2013. Academic OneFile.
Turabian Bibliography
• Website
Brooks, Susannah. “Longtime Library Director Reflects on a Career at the
Crossroads.” University of Wisconsin-Madison News. September 1, 2011.
Accessed May 14, 2012. http://www.news.wisc.edu/19704.
McDonalds. “Toy Safety.” McDonald’s Canada. Accessed November 30, 2011.
http://www.mcdonalds.ca/en/community/toysafety.aspx.
Heading…top, center,
Hanging indent
Alphabetical order
Multiple works by same
author
Practice
Footnote Practice
• Citing pages 32-33 in a book entitled The Man Inside Me by Tobias
Fünke. It was published in 2004 by Bluth Publications, which is
located in Newport Beach, California.
• Citing an online article entitled “Borg Babes, Drones, and the
Collective: Reading Gender and the Body in Star Trek” written by
Mia Consalvo. It was found in the Summer 2004 issue of Women's
Studies in Communication, Vol. 27 Issue 2, page 180. The article is
found on pages 177 to 203. It was accessed on June 24, 2013 from
EBSCOhost Communication and Mass Media Complete.
• Citing the main page of a website entitled “Bob Loblaw’s Law Blog,”
created by Robert Loblaw. It was accessed on June 24, 2013 under the
following URL: www.loblawlawblog.com.
The Answers
1. Tobias Fünke, The Man Inside Me (Newport Beach,
CA: Bluth Publications, 2004), 32-33.
2. Mia Consalvo, “Borg Babes, Drones, and the
Collective: Reading Gender and the Body in Star Trek,”
Women’s Studies in Communication 27, no. 2 (Summer 2004):
180, accessed June 24, 2013, EBSCOhost Communication and
Mass Media Complete.
3. Robert Loblaw, “Bob Loblaw’s Law Blog,” accessed
June 24, 2013, http://ww.loblawlawblog.com.
Bibliography Practice
Using the information from the previous slide,
make bibliography entries for each citation.
The Answers
Fünke, Tobias. The Man Inside Me. Newport Beach, CA:
Bluth Publications, 2004.
Consalvo, Mia. “Borg Babes, Drones, and the Collective:
Reading Gender and the Body in Star Trek.” Women’s
Studies in Communication 27, no. 2 (Summer 2004):
177-203. Accessed June 24, 2013. EBSCOhost
Communication and Mass Media Complete.
Loblaw, Robert. “Bob Loblaw’s Law Blog.” Accessed June
24, 2013. http://ww.loblawlawblog.com.
http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/manual/index.html