THE HEIGHT OF
IMPERIALISM
Chapter 21
COLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Imperialism- extension of a nation’s
power over other lands
Nations were looking to expand their
natural resources and wealth.
Their imperialistic views were critical
to world domination.
COLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
In 1800, only two societies had
dominated this area.
1. Spain- Philippines
2. Dutch East Indies- Spice Islands
By 1900’s, the entire western world
was after this area
COLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Great Britain
 New colony off the coast of the Malay
Peninsula- Singapore

It was a stopping point for ship travel
 The


next stop was Burma
It would help protect possessions in
India
Created a land route through Burma
into South China
COLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
France
Very nervous about British take over
in this area.


British trying to monopolize trade in
this area
Concerned Christian beliefs would
interrupt Confucian doctrine
Vietnam would make France its
protectorate
COLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
United States
Philippines, under Spanish control,
came under attack in 1898. U.S
Commodore George Dewey, during
the Spanish- American War, seized
control of the island and made it an
American colony.
Importance of the take over was so
that Japan would have it.
BRITISH RULE IN INDIA
Great Britain’s power had increased
in India since Imperialism.
Great Britain had their own troops
but also employed many Indians,
sepoys, to protect the territory.
The growing distrust of the British
lead to many revolts by the Indians.
BRITISH RULE IN INDIA
The cause of the revolts was that the
British were issuing Indian troops
with bullets that were greased with
cow fat.
The cow is very sacred to Hindus and
the pig is taboo to Muslims.
The revolts were small and the
Indians were very unorganized.
BRITISH RULE IN INDIA
Colonial Rule in India was direct. The
British had a Viceroy, which is like
a governor.
This type of rule was both good and
bad for the Indians.
Good:
 Brought order and stability to land
 Education to the Indians. Training
to serve in the Government
 Railroads, telegraphs, and postal
service
Bad:
 Economics. The British companies
ran the Indian businesses out. The
British textile industry put many
women out of work
 Taxation.
 Forced to grow cotton. It reduced
the food supplies and the Indians
could not keep up with the growing
population
 British stilled believed that the
Indians were inferior and suppressed
their culture
BRITISH RULE IN INDIA
Indian Nationalist Movement
The Indians were looking for reform
and turned to a movement that
would help out in the bad
environment.
Mohandas Gandhi- young Hindu.
Very well educated.
Became very active in the movement.
His actions were not violent but with
peace and persistence.
NATION BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA
By the end of the 1800’s, the influence
of North America on Latin America
was occurring. Spain control of
Latin America was in jeopardy.
Leading up to revolutionary ideals,
the elite Creoles, descendents of
Europeans born in Latin American,
saw equality of all people in the eyes
of the law, free trade and free press.
NATION BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA
The Latin people did not like the idea
of Spanish and Portuguese official
residing in their community.
They had oppressed the area for
political and economic reasons for
years.
NATION BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA
Revolt in Mexico
Miguel Hidalgo, parish priest, lead the
first revolt against Spain.
Although his militia was defeated and
Hidalgo was sentenced to death, his
vision of independence lived.
NATION BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA
Due to the revolt in Mexico, the Creoles
and Peninsulares were frightened by
the riot. They banned together to
overthrow Spanish rule.
In 1821, Mexico declared independence
from Spain.
NATION BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA
Revolt in South America
Jose de San Martin & Simon Bolivar,
both creoles, were considered
“Liberators of South America”.
Based on the Mexican Independence,
South America was ready to separate
from Spain.
NATION BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA
Martin lead forces faced difficult travel
but later surprised the Spaniards and
they were defeated easily.
Convinced that he could not defeat
Spain by himself, Bolivar was
welcomed.
NATION BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA
Bolivar’s forces quickly over took the
Spaniards in Peru.
By the end of 1824, Peru, Uruguay,
Paraguay, Columbia, Venezuela,
Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile were free
from Spain.
NATION BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA
The battle for freedom was not over in
South America. Members of the
Concert of Europe favored troops being
sent in to restore Spanish power.
It was England who wanted to trade
with Latin America. England and
America banded together against the
Concert of Europe.
NATION BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA
Although Great Britain and America
banded together to stop the assault,
America did not trust England and
their motives, so James Monroe signed
the Monroe Doctrine, which
guaranteed independence and warned
against any European intervention.