AP Chemistry
Chapters 1-4: Introduction; Atoms, Molecules and Ions; Stoichiometry; Reactions in Aqueous
Solutions
AP Chemistry/1516
Hart
You should be able to…
(Chapters 1 and Intro Unit, H/Chem)
 Describe matter using properties: incl. physical and chemical, intensive and extensive
 Compare and contrast the three states of matter
 Classify chemical reactions and physical changes as endothermic or exothermic
 Identify and classify physical/chemical changes and properties of matter, with examples
 Write the symbols of common elements, and write the element given its symbol
 Read a chemical formula for type of elements and number present
 Differentiate between an element and a compound
 Distinguish among pure substances, mixtures, and compounds on the particle level
 Classify a mixture as homogeneous or heterogeneous
 Describe methods of separating the components of a mixture
 State the difference between mass and weight of a substance
 Calculate density
 Distinguish among hypothesis, theory, and law - with examples
 Distinguish between the accuracy and precision of a measurement
 Use significant figures in measurements and calculations
 Use metric prefixes to convert metric units
 Convert temperatures from Kelvin to Celsius and vice-versa
 Determine percent error
 Determine percent composition by mass (Law of Definite Proportions, Law of Multiple Proportions)
 Determine percent yield
 Draw and interpret graphs
(Chapter 2 and Atomic Theory and Periodicity Units, H/Chem)
 Use the atomic number and mass number to find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom
 Describe how the isotopes of an atom differ
 Calculate the average atomic mass of an element from isotope data using weighted averages
 Classify the elements into four categories according to the configuration of their outermost electrons (s,p,d,f;
representative, transition and inner transition elements, noble gases) and their properties (metal, metalloid,
nonmetal)
(Chapter 2 and Chemical Bonding and Naming Unit, H/Chem)
 Use the periodic table to find the number of valence electrons in an atom and the charge on an ion
 Write the chemical formula of an ionic compound when given the name of the compound, vice versa
 Name an acid, ionic compound or molecular compound when given the formula, vice versa
 Name common compounds when given the formula, vice versa
 Compare and contrast ionic and covalent compounds
 No organic chem. at this time (i.e. no Sec. 2.9)
(Chapter 3 and Moles and Stoichiometry Units, H/Chem)
 Perform conversions between moles and # particles
 Determine molar masses of elements
 Determine molar masses of compounds, given the chemical formula
 Perform conversions between moles and molar mass of elements or compounds
 Perform conversions between molar mass and # particles
 Perform conversions involving the # atoms of an element in a compound
 Solve problems involving any combination of the above-listed conversions
 Determine percent composition of elements in a compound
 Determine empirical formula of a compound from the masses or percent composition of elements in a
compound
 Determine molecular formula of a molecule from mass or percent composition and molecular molar mass
 Determine chemical formulae of hydrates
 Determine empirical formula of a compound from combustion analysis
 Interpret a balanced equation in terms of interacting moles, representative particles, masses, and volumes of
gases (at STP)
 Construct mole ratios from balanced chemical equations for use as conversion factors in stoichiometric
problems
 Perform stoichiometric calculations with balanced equations using mass, moles, representative particles,
and/or volumes of gases (at STP, and non-standard conditions with the use of PV = nRT)
 Identify the limiting reactant in a reaction
 Knowing the limiting reactant in a reaction, calculate the maximum amount of product(s) produced
(theoretical yield) and amount of unreacted excess reactant
 Given information from which any two of the following may be determined, calculate the third: theoretical
yield, actual yield, and percentage yield
(Chapter 4, and Chemical Reactions Unit, H/Chem)
 Identify the reactants and products in a chemical equation
 Write word, skeleton (formula, unbalanced) and balanced chemical equations
 Use appropriate symbols when writing an equation to accurately describe the chemical reaction, including
reaction conditions and states of matter
 Write a balanced chemical equation when given the names or formulas of all the reactants and products in a
chemical reaction
 Classify a reaction as synthesis (combination), decomposition, double replacement (metathesis) or
combustion
 Predict the products of simple synthesis (combination) and decomposition reactions
 Classify a reaction as exothermic or endothermic
 Distinguish among strong, weak and non-electrolytes
 Define acids and bases as proton donors/acceptors; distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases
 Define oxidation and reduction, with examples
 Identify and write oxidation-reduction reactions as molecular formulas and net ionic equations
 Assign oxidation numbers to atoms in a chemical formula
 Identify the substances undergoing oxidation and reduction in a chemical reaction
 Write molecular and net ionic equations for synthesis, decomposition, combustion, oxidation-reduction, and
the various kinds of metathesis reactions, identify the type(s) of reaction, apply solubility rules
 calculate the molarity of a solution from mass and/or moles and volume and related calculations
 apply stoichiometry to reactions occurring in aqueous solution
 perform a dilution calculation
 determine the molarity of a solution from titration data and perform other titration-related calculations
 distinguish between endpoint and equivalence point in acid-base reactions