What could you do to help
prevent the spread of
communicable (spreadable)
diseases?
Chapter 18- Communicable Diseases (pages 478-491)
Define the following.
Disease- a condition that interferes with the proper functioning of the body.
Communicable disease- disease that can be passed to a person from another person,
animal, or object.
Pathogens- disease-causing organisms that are so small they can only be
seen through a microscope.
Infection- a condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body,
multiply, and cause harm.
4 Types of Pathogens. Define the following and give an example of what disease each may cause.
1.virus- the smallest pathogens. Ex.cold,flu
2.Bacteria tiny one-celled organisms. Ex. strep, pneumonia
3.fungi- organisms that are more complex than bacteria, but cannot
make their own food. Ex. ringworm, athlete’s foot
4.protozoa- One-celled organisms that are more complex than
bacteria. Ex.malaria
How do Pathogens Spread?
* Direct contact with others. (Ex.shaking hands, kissing)
* Indirect contact with others.(Ex.sharing glasses,
utensils,needles)
* Contact with contaminated food. (Ex. contaminated, undercooked,
or improperly stored food)
* Contact with animals or insects. (Ex. Lyme disease, West Nile virus.
vector- an organism, such as an insect, that transmits pathogens.
Define the following.
hygiene- cleanliness.
immune system- combination of body defenses made up of the
cells, tissues, and organs that fight off pathogens
and disease.
Immunity- your body’s ability to resist the germs that cause a
particular disease.
The Body’s 5 Major Barriers from Pathogens.
1. Tears (protect eyes from dust and carry foreign material from eyes)
2. Mucous Membranes (soft skin that lines body openings and coated
with mucous, which traps pathogens)
3.
Saliva (washes germs away from teeth and contains pathogen-killing
chemicals)
4.Skin (provides a tough, outer protective surface. Pathogens can get
in through a cut)
5. Stomach acid (gastric juice that kills many pathogens that make it
past your saliva and mucous membranes in your
mouth)
Define the following.
inflammation- the body’s response to injury or disease, resulting in a
condition of swelling, pain, heat and redness.
lymphatic system- a secondary circulatory system that helps the
body fight pathogens and maintains its fluid balance.
lymphocytes- the white blood cells in the lymphatic system.
antigen- any substance released by invading pathogens.
antibodies- proteins that attach to antigens, keeping them from
harming the body.
vaccine- a preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that causes
the immune system to produce antibodies.
What is the proper way to wash your hands?
Be specific.
Do you think a hand dryer or paper towel
are more effective at removing pathogens?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ELm7V
jrFg4&feature=related&safety_mode=true&
persist_safety_mode=1 (Bill Nye)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFUzbF_
Do you know anyone with a noncommunicable disease (diabetes,
cancer, heart disease)?
If so, what disease and how do they
manage the disease (ex. diet,
exercise)?
Can you think of any celebrities who
have had one?
Diseases that cannot be spread from person
to person.

EX: You cannot catch Diabetes from someone
who has this disease.
all disorders that are present when the baby is
born.

EX: Cystic Fibrosis, spinda bifida, down
syndrome
Cystic fibrosis
the passing of traits from parents to their
children.

EX: Muscular Dystrophy
a disease characterized by the rapid and
uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

It can affect people of all ages.

2nd leading cause of death in the U.S.
a mass of abnormal cells.

Tumors can be:
◦ Benign: Not Cancerous
◦ Malignant: Cancerous

The removal of a sample of tissue from a
person for examination.







Change in bowel or bladder habits.
A sore that does not heal.
Unusual bleeding or discharge.
Thickening or lumps in the body.
Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing.
Obvious change in mole or wart.
Nagging cough or hoarseness.



Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
any condition that weakens the heart and
blood vessels and makes them less
functional.


Arteriosclerosis: A group of disorders in
which arteries harden and become more
rigid.
Atherosclerosis: occurs when fatty substances
in the blood build up on the walls of the
arteries.



Hypertension: pressure of the blood on the
walls of the blood vessels stays at a level that
is higher than normal.
Stroke: condition that occurs when an artery
of the brain breaks or becomes blocked.
Heart Attack: blood flow to the heart is
reduced or blocked.





Angioplasty: an instrutment is inserted into a
blocked artery to clear blockage.
Medications
Pacemakers
Bypass/Heart Valve Surgery
Heart Transplants
a disease that prevents the body from
converting food into energy.

Their bodies do not produce/properly use
Insulin.
Insulin: a protein made in the pancreas that
regulates the level of glucose in the blood.

Type 1: the immune system attacks insulinproducing cells in the pancreas.
(Often starts in childhood)

Type 2: the body cannot effectively use the
insulin it produces.
(90-95% of diabetes have type 2, usually begins
in adulthood)




Healthy Eating
Weight Management
Insulin Injections
Medical Care
is a disease of the joints marked by painful
swelling and stiffness.
◦ More then 40 million people in the United States
have arthritis.

Osteoarthritis: disease that results from a

Rheumatoid arthritis: a chronic disease
breakdown in cartilage in the joints. “wear
and tear” arthritis
characterized by pain, inflammation, swelling,
and stiffness in the joints.


Heredity, age, gender, and ethnic group are
factors which people have no control.
To decrease your risk of disease:
Eat healthful foods
Stay Physically Active
Maintain healthy weight
Get enough sleep
Manage stress
Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs
an extreme sensitivity to a substance.

Allergens: substances that cause allergic
responses.





Pollen
Food
Insect bites or stings
Plants
Medicine
Health Table of Contents
1. Journal 1-3
2. Communicable Diseases Outline
3. Vocabulary-Non-Communicable
Diseases
4. Work sheet #3
5. Cancer video-Quiz




Avoid the allergen.
Take medication.
Antihistamines.
Get Injections.
a condition in which the small airways in the
lungs narrow, making breathing difficult.


20 million people in the US have asthma.
About 1/3 of those people are under 18.



Manage the environment.
Manage Stress
Take Medication


Who do you think is most susceptible to
obtaining a communicable disease? Why?
How can they reduce their chances of
catching something?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Health Rules and Regulations
Journal #1-#4
Outline-Communicable Diseases
Notes/Vocab