Exam 4 Study Guide
MUSCLE
3 types of muscles?
Structures of the muscle
 Fiber=
 Fasicle=
 Myofibrils=
3 connective tissue coverings of the muscle?
EndoPeriEpiParts of the Skeletal Muscle Fiber
SarcolemmaSarcoplasmMyofibrilsTHIN=
THICK=
Transverse t-tubulesSarcoplasmic Reticulum?
MYOFIBRILS
A-Band=
I-Band=
H-Zone=
SARCOMERE=
Motor NeuronSYNAPSE

 Synaptic cleft Acetylcholine NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION- (2 parts)
Steps Contraction through Relaxation
KNOW!!!
5 steps before the contraction (action potential starts this)
4 steps of muscle impulse (once the action potential has come into the muscle)
Steps of the actual concretion within the muscle (sliding filament theory)
Cross Bridge formation of the myosin (2 positions)
5 Cross bridge cycling steps (ATP use)
Role of Calcium during muscle contractionHow does the muscle relax?
Rigor Mortis is?
What are the 3 sources of ENERGY for contraction?
1.
2.
3.
Oxygen Supply to muscles
HemoglobinMyoglobinMuscle FatigueMuscle CrampMuscular response
ThresholdMuscle Twitch3 phases on a Myogram
1.
2.
3.
Summation=
Tetanic contraction=
Motor Unit Recruitment=
Muscle Tone=
TYPES OF CONTRACTION
1.
2.
Slow and Fast Twitch=
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Divisions of the Nervous system
1.
2.
1.
2.
1.
2.
Keywords for the Neuron
DendriteAxonNissl BodiesAxon HillockSchwann CellsNodes of RanvierAxoplasmNeurofibrilsMYELIN IN PNS AND CNS
PNSCNSTYPES OF NEURONS (Name, What classifies them as such, Where are they)
1.
2.
3.
Functional Classifications
SensoryMotorInterneuronsNEUROGLIA of the CNS
AstrocytesEpendymal cellsMicrogliaOligodendrocytesNEUROGLIA of the PNS
Schwann CellsSatellite CellsDisorders of the Neuroglia
1.
2.
SYNAPSE=
Presynaptic=
Postsynaptic=
CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
Pumps and ChannelsIon distribution
Intra=
Extra=
Membrane potentialResting (mV)Depolarization (mV)Hyperpolarization (mV)Action Potentials
1. Initiated at axon hillock “trigger zone”
2. All-or-nothing response
3. Requires a threshold stimulus to respond (-55mV)
4. 3 phases
What happens in Depolarization?
What happens in Repolarization?
What happens in Hyperpolarization?
Refractory Period
AbsoluteRelativeImpulse Conduction
UnmyelinatedMyelinatedSynaptic TransmissionExcitatoryInhibitoryNeurotransmitters +30 More Types
AchMonoamines
NorepinephrineDopamineAmino Acid
GABAGas
Nitric Oxide
Drugs that affect neurotransmission
NEURONAL POOLS
ConvergenceDivergenceReverberationSteps of Axonal regeneration