Muscular System Study Guide
1. List the differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue (think location, what
type of contraction, basic structure)
2. List the major functions of the Muscular system as described in the textbook.
3. Be able to order the following structures from large to small: Sarcomere, myofilament, fascicle,
muscle fiber (cell), myofibril. Also know what connective tissues cover each structure:
endomysium, perimysium, epimysium, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum. Label these
components on the diagram on the back
4. Know the components of a sarcomere. Label them on the diagram on the back.
5. What’s the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
6. Be able to explain all the steps in the sliding filament theory of a muscle contraction from when
the nerve impulse reaches the axon terminals through the actual contraction at the sarcomere.
Include the role of calcium, acetylcholine
7. Explain the types of movement each of the following terms describes and pair the terms that are
complementary: Pronation, flexion, abduction, rotation, supination, extension, adduction.
8. Explain the difference between the origin and the insertion of a muscle. Do these ever change?
9. Explain the difference between the prime mover, antagonist, synergist and fixator in muscle
movement.
10. Explain the differences between the 3 pathways of ATP production. List the pros and cons of
each pathway.
11. What are some ways that muscles are named (remember shape, size, etc)?
12. Be able to identify the following muscles on a diagram. You will be provided with a word bank.
Biceps Brachii
Biceps Femoris
Deltoid
External Obliques
Frontalis
Gluteus Maximus
Latissimus Dorsi
Masseter
Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Rectus Abdominus
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
Semitendonosis
Sternocleidomastoid
Gastrocnemius
Pectoralis Major
Temporalis
Triceps Brachii
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medius
Zygomaticus