Heat Study Guide
Section 1: States of Matter
1.
State of Matter
Solid
Volume (definite or Shape (definite or
indefinite)
indefinite)
definite
definite
How do the particles
move?
Low energy
Vibrate in place
Liquid
definite
indefinite
Slide past each
other
Gas
indefinite
indefinite
Random
High energy
Section 2: Change of state – endothermic and exothermic changes
2. What does the term “change of state” mean?
a substance moves from one state of matter to another
3. What causes a change in state?
a change in the energy
4. Fill in the table below.
Condensation
Gas to liquid
freezing
Liquid to solid
Vaporization
Liquid to gas
Sublimation
Solid to gas
Melting
Solid to liquid
5. Place the three states of matter (liquids, solids and gases) in the diagram below, according
to their level of energy (least to greatest). Write in the name of each of the three endothermic
changes of state in the correct place on the diagram.(melting, vaporization, sublimation)
vaporization
(boiling)
__
melting
gas____
___liquid_
_solid___
Sublimation
6. When energy is taken in by a substance and changes state, it is called a(n)
_endothermic change.
7. When energy is lost by a substance and it changes state, it is called a(n)
_exothermic_ change
Section 3 – Temperature and Thermal Energy
8. What is temperature?
the average kinetic energy of a substance
9. What is kinetic energy?
energy of motion
10. How do we find an average?
add all data and divide by the number of data inputs
11. How does the temperature of an object increase? By an increase in energy
12. What are the three scales (languages) we can use when we talk about temperature?
degree Celsius ,degree Fahrenheit, and Kelvin
13. The Celsius scale was developed based on the freezing point and boiling point of water. Fill
in the table.
Freezing pt. of water
Boiling pt. of water
Average human body
temp.
0
0
Celsius
0
100
370
Fahrenheit
320
2120
990
14. The Kelvin scale was developed with the idea that “zero” should mean no kinetic motion.
What do we call this special number that means that none of the particles in a substance are
moving at all? absolute zero
15. What is thermal energy?
The total amount of kinetic energy in a substance
16. Which picture above has the highest temperature? pot of boiling water
Which picture has the most thermal energy? Why? the ocean because there is enormous
amount of total kinetic energy
Section 4 - Heat and Heat transfer
17. What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
18. What is the difference between heat and temperature?
heat is the transfer of thermal energy and temperature is the average kinetic energy of a
substance
19. What is conduction? Give an example.
conduction is thermal l energy traveling through direct contract
touching a hot spoon
20. What is convection? Give an example.
The movement of thermal energy through a fluid (gas or liquid)
hot air rising from a candle or heat source
21. What is radiation? Give an example.
thermal energy traveling by electromagnetic waves
the thermal energy from the sun
22. Thermal energy moves from ___warm_____objects/areas to __cool______ objects/areas.
23. What is thermal expansion?
the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in temperature
Section 5 – Phase Change Diagrams
24. What does the term melting point mean? What does the term freezing point mean?
The temperature at which a substance melts is melting point. Freezing point is the temperature at
which a substance freezes
25. How are melting point and freezing point the same?
This is when there is a phase change and there is both a liquid and a solid. In an
endothermic change it is melting and exothermic it is freezing.
26. Is the melting point the same for all substances? Explain your answer. No, all substances
have a unique boiling point.
27. What does the term boiling point mean?
the temperature at which a liquid boils
Use this graph to answer questions 28 to 35.
28. A point A, what state of matter in the matter in? solid
29. At point B, what is happening to the matter? going through a phase change solid to liquid
30. At point C, what begins to happen to the substance? What state or states of matter is the
substance in, between points C and D? At C the liquid begins to heat, between C and D a
liquid
31. Point D starts another change of state. What is it called? vaporization or boiling
32. What state or states of matter is the substance in between points D and E? gas and liquid
33. Right after point E on the graph, what state or states of matter is the substance in? gas
34. What is the melting point of this substance? What is the boiling point? How did you know?
melting point is 750, boiling point 1400 these are plateaus where there is no change in
temperature
35. Is there a change in temperature during a phase change (freezing, melting, etc)? No