CHAPTERS 15-17: EVOLUTION, NATURAL SELECTION, AND THE FOSSIL RECORD
EVOLUTION
1. Biological diversity
(page 369)
2. Evolution
(page 369)
3. Theory
(page 369)
4. Who was Charles Darwin?
(page 369)
5. Observations made by Darwin
during his travels
(page 370)
6. Galapagos Islands
(page 371 – 372)
7. What hypothesis did Darwin form
concerning the biological diversity
of the Galapagos Islands?
(page 372)
8. Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking.
(pages 374 – 377)
James Hutton  Geologic Change
Charles Lyell  Principles of Geology
Jean – Baptiste Lamarck  Evolution Hypothesis
a.) Tendency Toward Perfection
b.) Use and Disuse
c.) Inheritance of Acquired Traits
d.) Evaluating Lamarck’s Hypothesis
Thomas Malthus
a.) Implications on Darwin’s ideas
9. What was the name of the publication of Darwin’s research?(page 378)
10. What did Darwin propose as a mechanism for evolution in his publication?(page 379)
11. What do plant and animal breeders use to improve crops and livestock?(page 379)
a.) Artificial selection (page 379)
12. What is natural selection? (page 381)
13. Struggle for Existence (page 380)
a.) fitness
b.) adaptation
c.) Survival of the Fittest (page 381)
d.) Adaptations can be…
14. Over time, natural selection…
(page 381)
a.) NATURAL SELECTION…
15. The Principle of Descent With Modification (page 381)
a.) Darwin proposed
b.) Descent with modification also implies… (page 382)
16. The Principle of Common Descent (page 382)
17. Evidence of Evolution(page 382 – 385)
a.) The Fossil Record
b.) Geographic Distribution of Living Species
c.) Homologous Body Structures
1.) wings, fins, arms
2.) vestigial organs
 homologous structures:
d.) Similarities in Embryology
18. Summary of Darwin’s Theory (page 386)
a.) Individual organisms differ, and…
b.) Organisms produce more…
c.) Because more organisms…
d.) Each unique organism has…
e.) Species alive today…
19. Strengths and Weaknesses of Evolutionary Theory (page 386)
a.) Strengths
b.) Weaknesses
Chapter 15 Vocabulary Terms
1. evolution
2. theory
3. fossil
4. artificial selection
5. struggle for existence
6. fitness
7. adaptation
8. survival of the fittest
9. natural selection
10. descent with modification
11. common descent
12. homologous structure
13. vestigial structure
16 – 3 THE PROCESS OF SPECIATION
1. Speciation is the ___________________________.
2. Factors such as ___________________ and _________________ can change the relative
frequencies of alleles in a population.
3. The gene pools of two populations must become ___________ for them to become new
species.
4. As new species evolve, populations become ____________________ from one another.
5. __________________________ has occurred when members of two populations cannot
interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
6. 3 mechanisms of reproductive isolation are…
a.) ___________________________
 Occurs when two populations are capable of interbreeding but have differences in
____________________________________________ that involve behavior
 Example: Eastern and Western Meadowlarks  use different _____ to attract
Mates
b.) ___________________________
 Occurs when two populations are separated by _____________________ such as
________________________, or bodies of ____________
 Example: Albert and Kaibab squirrels  separated by the _______________,
with the _______________________
________ and the _______________
_________________
 Geographic barriers do not guarantee the formation of a new species
 ___________________________
 ____________________________________________
a.) ___________________________
 Occurs when two or more species _________________________________
 Example: 3 similar species of _____________________________________
 Each species releases _______________________________
 Since each species releases pollen on different days, __________________
____________________
Chapter 16 Vocabulary Terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
speciation
reproductive isolation
behavioral isolation
geographic isolation
temporal isolation