First Semester Biology Vocabulary
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First Semester Biology Vocabulary During or after each unit, color in each vocabulary word that you have mastered. Do not use markers or dark colors. Mastery = understand the meaning of the word and be able to apply it Unit 1: Scientific Processes & Skills Chapter 1 Biology Organism Organization Development Growth Reproduction Response Species Stimulus Adaptation Homeostasis Science Hypothesis Scientific Inquiry Peer Review Inference Observation Experiment Constant Control Group Dependent Variable Experimental Group Scientific Theory Scientific Law Unit 2: Ecology Scientific Methods Independent Variable Chapter 3 Chapter 2 Ecology Biosphere Biotic Factor Abiotic Factor Population Biological Community Ecosystem Biome Habitat Niche Predation Symbiosis Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Autotroph Hetereotroph Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Detritivore Trophic Level Food Chain Food Web Biomass Matter Biogeochemical Cycle Nitrogen Fixation Community Tolerance Primary Succession Secondary Succession Limiting Factor Ecological Succession Climax Community Weather Latitude Climate Sediment Plankton Wetlands Estuary Chapter 4 Nutrient Denitrification Population Density Dispersion DensityIndependent Factor Population Growth Rate Emigration Immigration Demography Demographic Transition Zero Population Growth (ZPG) Chapter 5 DensityDependent Factor Carrying Capacity Age Structure Extinction Biodiversity Genetic Diversity Species Diversity Ecosystem Diversity Background Extinction Mass Extinction Natural Resource Overexploitation Habitat Fragmentation Edge Effect Biological Magnification Eutrophication Introduced Species Renewable Resource Nonrenewable Resource Sustainable Use Endemic Bioremediation Biological Augmentation Unit 3: Biochemistry Chapter 6 Atom Nucleus Proton Neutron Electron Element Isotope Compound Covalent Bond Molecule Ion Ionic Bond Van der Waals Forces Chemical Reaction Reactant Product Activation Energy Catalyst Enzyme Substrate Active Site Polar Molecule Hydrogen Bond Mixture Solution Solvent Solute Acid Base pH Buffer Macromolecule Polymer Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Amino Acid Nucleic Acid Nucleotide Unit 4: Cell Structures and Functions Chapter 7 Cell Cell Theory Plasma Membrane Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus Organelle Prokaryotic Cell Selective Permeability Phospholipid Bilayer Transport Protein Fluid Mosaic Model Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Nucleolus Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Vacuole Centriole Lysosome Chloroplast Mitochondrion Cell Wall Cilium Flagellum Diffusion Dynamic Equilibrium Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis Hypotonic Solution Isotonic Solution Active Transport Hypertonic Solution Endocytosis Exocytosis Unit 5: Cellular Energy Chapter 8 Energy Thermodynamics Metabolism Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Thylakoid Granum Stroma Pigment NADP+ Calvin Cycle Rubisco Anaerobic Process Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Process Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Fermentation Unit 6: Molecular Genetics Chapter 12 Double Helix Nucleosome Semiconservative Replication DNA Polymerase Okazaki Fragment RNA Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA Transcription RNA Polymerase Intron Exon Codon Translation Gene Regulation Operon Mutation Mutagen Cell Cycle Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis Chromosome Chromatin Prophase Sister Chromatid Centromere Spindle Apparatus Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cyclin Cyclin-dependent kinase Cancer Carcinogen Apoptosis Stem Cell Unit 7: Cell Cycle Chapter 9 Second Semester Biology Vocabulary During or after each unit, color in each vocabulary word that you have mastered. Do not use markers or dark colors. Mastery = understand the meaning of the word and be able to apply it Unit 8: Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Chapter 10 Gene Homologous Chromosome Gamete Haploid Fertilization Diploid Meiosis Crossing Over Genetics Allele Dominant Recessive Homozygous Heterozygous Genotype Phenotype Law of Segregation Hybrid Law of Independent Assortment Genetic Recombination Polyploidy Unit 9: Complex Inheritance and Heredity Chapter 11 Carrier Pedigree Incomplete Dominance Codominance Multiple Alleles Epistasis Sex Chromosome Autosome Sex-Linked Trait Polygenic Trait Karyotype Telomere Nondisjunction Unit 10: Applied Genetics and Biotechnology Chapter 13 Selective Breeding Interbreeding Test Cross Genetic Engineering Genome Restriction Enzyme Gel Electrophoresis Recombinant DNA Plasmid DNA Ligase Transformation Cloning Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Transgenic Organism DNA Fingerprinting Bioinformatics DNA Microarray Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Haplotype Pharmacogenomics Gene Therapy Genomics Proteomics Unit 11: Evolution Chapters 15 & 16 Artificial Selection Natural Selection Evolution Derived Trait Ancestral Trait Homologous Structure Vestigial Structure Analogous Structure Embryo Biogeography Fitness Camouflage Mimicry Founder Effect Bottleneck Stabilizing Selection Prezygotic Isolating Mechanism Punctuated Equilibrium Allopatric Speciation Opposable First Digit Nocturnal Arboreal Hominoid Bipedal Sexual Selection Gradualism Hardy-Weinberg Principle Directional Selection Sympatric Speciation Disruptive Selection Binocular Vision Diurnal Anthropoid Prehensile Tail Hominin Genetic Drift Adaptive Radiation Unit 12: Classification Chapter 17 Classification Taxonomy Binomial nomenclature Taxon Genus Family Order Class Phylum Division Kingdom Domain Phylogeny Character Molecular Clock Cladistics Cladogram Archaea Protist Fungus Unit 13: Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, & Fungi Chapters 18, 19, 20 Bacteria Nucleoid Capsule Pilus Binary Fission Conjugation Endospore Virus Capsid Lytic Cycle Lysogenic Cycle Retrovirus Prion Protozoan Contractile Vacuole Psuedopod Bioluminescent Colony Alternation of Generations Plasmodium Chitin Hypha Mycelium Fruiting Body Septum Spore Sporangium Rhizoid Basidium Basidiospore Lichen Bioindicator Mycorrhiza Unit 14: Plants Chapters 21, 22, 23 Stomata Vascular Tissue Vascular Plant Nonvascular Plant Seed Rhizome Sporangium Cotyledon Cone Annual Biennial Perennial Meristem Vascular Cambium Cork Cambium Epidermis Guard Cell Xylem Tracheid Phloem Sieve Tube Member Companion Cell Ground Tissue Root Cap Cortex Pericycle Petiole Palisade Mesophyll Spongy Mesophyll Transpiration Auxin Vegetative Reproduction Petal Ethylene Cytokinin Nastic Response Tropism Chemotaxis Megaspore Microspore Sepal Stamen Pistil Photoperiodism Endosperm Seed coat Germination dormancy Endoskeleton Vertebrate Zygote Blastula Endoderm Ectoderm Unit 15: Animals Chapters 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 Invertebrate Exoskeleton Internal Fertilization External Fertilization Mesoderm Symmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Anterior Posterior Cephalization Dorsal Ventral Coelom Pseudocoelum Acoelomate Protostome Deuterostome Filter Feeder Polyp Medusa Pharynx Regeneration Trichinosis Mantle Radula Open Circulatory System Crop Gizzard Setae Thorax Cephalothorax Molting Mandible Pheromone Nymph Caste Tube Foot Notochord Pharyngeal Pouches Cartilage Atrium Pupa Invertebrate Chordate Ventricle Nephron Spawning Swim bladder Tetrapod Ectotherm Amnion Amniotic Egg Endotherm Sternum Air Sac Incubate Mammary Gland Diaphragm Cerebral Cortex Cerebellum Gland Uterus Placenta Gestation Monotreme Marsupial Innate Behavior Learned Behavior Habituation Placental Mammal Classical Conditioning Behavior Operant Conditioning Imprinting Cognitive Behavior Circadian Rhythm Gastrovascular Cavity Hydrostatic Skeleton Closed Circulatory System Abdomen Metamorphosis Chordate Body Systems Vocabulary Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems Chapter 32 Epidermis Axial Skeleton Red Bone Marrow Keratin Appendicular Skeleton Yellow Bone Marrow Melanin Dermis Sebaceous Gland Compact Bone Osteocyte Spongy Bone Osteoblast Ossification Osteoclast Ligament Smooth Muscle Involuntary Muscle Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle Voluntary Muscle Tendon Myofibril Myosin Actin Neuron Dendrite Cell Body Axon Reflex Arc Node Synapse Neurotransmitter Cerebrum Medulla Oblongata Hypothalmus Central Nervous System Somatic Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System Retina Rod Cone Cochlea Dopamine Stimulant Depressant Tolerance Addiction Sarcomere Nervous System Chapter 33 Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Artery Capillary Vein Valve Heart Pacemaker Plasma Red Blood Cell Platelet White Blood Cell Artherosclerosis Breathing External Respiration Internal Respiration Trachea Bronchus Lung Alveolus Kidney Urea Digestive and Endocrine Systems Chapter 35 Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion Amylase Esophagus Peristalsis Pepsin Small intestine Liver Villus Large Intestine Nutrition Calorie Vitamin Mineral Endocrine Gland Hormone Pituitary Gland Thyroxine Calcitonin Insulin Glucagon Aldosterone Cortisol Parathyroid Hormone Antidiuretic Hormone Human Reproduction and Development Chapter 36 Seminiferous Tubule Epididymis Vas Deferens Urethra Semen Puberty Oocyte Oviduct Menstrual Cycle Polar Body Morula Blastocyst Amniotic Fluid Labor Dilation Infectious Disease Pathogen Koch’s Postulates Reservoir Endemic Disease Epidemic Pandemic Antibiotic Complement Protein Interferon Lymphocyte Antibody B Cell Helper T Cell Cytotoxic T Cell Memory Cell Immunization Degenerative Disease Metabolic Disease Allergy The Immune System Chapter 37 Anaphylactic Shock
