Name:________________________________________
Period:__________
BIOLOGY 1
EOC Study Guide
If found: Please Return to Ms. Atkinson in room #27
Samuel W. Wolfson High School
7000 Powers Ave. Jacksonville, FL 32217
BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
Nature of Science
BENCHMARK SC.912.N.1.1
(Also assesses SC.912.N.1.4, SC.912.N.1.6, SC.912.L.14.4, LA.910.2.2.3, LA.910.4.2.2, MA.912.S.1.2, and MA.912.S.3.2.)
Define a problem based on a specific body of knowledge, for example: biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space science,
and do the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
pose questions about the natural world;
conduct systematic observations;
examine books and other sources of information to see what is already known;
review what is known in light of empirical evidence;
plan investigations;
use tools to gather, analyze, and interpret data (this includes the use of measurement in metric and other systems, and
also the generation and interpretation of graphical
representations of data, including data tables and graphs);
pose answers, explanations, or descriptions of events;
generate explanations that explicate or describe natural phenomena (inferences);
use appropriate evidence and reasoning to justify these
explanations to others;
communicate results of scientific investigations; and
evaluate the merits of the explanations produced by others.
These are questions and activities you should already know how to do and are for review.
a. Evaluate a scientific investigation using evidence of scientific thinking and/or problem solving.
b. Interpret and analyze data to make predictions and/or defend conclusions.
c. Compare and/or contrast the structure and function of the compound microscope, dissecting microscope, scanning
electron microscope, and/or the transmission electron microscope.
d. Evaluate the merits of scientific explanations produced by others.
e. Assess the reliability of sources of information according to scientific standards.
f. Describe how scientific inferences are made from observations and identify examples from biology.
Properties of Water
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.18.12
Discuss the special properties of water that contribute to Earth’s suitability as an environment for life: cohesive behavior, ability to
moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent.
Page #’s
1. Explain the following properties of water using definitions and examples:
a. hydrogen bonding
b. polarity
c.
cohesive behavior
d. ability to moderate temperature
e. expansion upon freezing
f.
versatility as a solvent
2. Explain how the special properties of water make it essential for life on Earth.
3. Know the difference between adhesion and cohesion (Adhesion will not be tested)
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
Macromolecules
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.18.1
Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.
SC.912.L.18.11
Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify f actors, such as pH
and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity.
Page #’s
4. Diagram the basic molecular structures and define the primary functions of the following four major categories of
biological molecules.
a. carbohydrates,
c. proteins
b. lipids,
d. nucleic acids.
5. Explain how enzymes speed up the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the reaction’s activation energy.
a. Diagram
6. Describe the effect of environmental factors, such as concentration, pH, and temperature on enzyme activity.
Cell Theory
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.14.1
Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory) and relate the history of its discovery to the process of science. (Also assesses
SC.912.N.1.3, SC.912.N.2.1, SC.912.N.3.1, and SC.912.N.3.4.)
Page #’s
7. Describe and/or explain the cell theory.
8. Describe how continuous investigations and/or new scientific information influenced the development of the cell
theory.
9. Identify the ways in which a the cell theory developed over time (e.g., through scientific argumentation, critical and
logical thinking, and consideration of alternative explanations).
10. Using the development of the cell theory explain how a theory is formed.
11. Explain the differences between a Scientific Theory and a Scientific Law.
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
Plant/Animal Cells
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.14.3
Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells. (Also assesses SC.912.L.14.2.)
Page #’s
12. Diagram and describe the function of the following prokaryotic structures:
a. cell wall
k.
microtubules
l.
microfilaments
b. cell membrane (plasma membrane)
c.
cytoplasm,
m. vacuoles
d. nucleus
n. mitochondria
e. nuclear envelope
o. Golgi apparatus
f.
nucleolus
p. Chloroplasts
g. chromatin
q. Lysosomes
h. ribosomes
i.
endoplasmic reticulum
j.
plasmid
r.
Cilia
s.
flagella
13. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
14. Explain the role of the cell membrane as a highly selective barrier (make sure you include the difference between
active and passive transport).
15. Identify the structures and their function of cell organelles located only in plants
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
Plants Organs
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.14.7
Benchmark SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.
Page #’s
16. Explain how the structures of plant tissues and organs are directly related to their roles in physiological
processes.
17. Assess the function of plant tissues and organs in the context of physiological processes.
18. Know Structure and function of these plant organs
 Roots

Stems

Leaves

Flowers

Fruits

cones.
19. Describe and explain:
 photosynthesis,

cellular respiration

transpiration

cellular reproduction
20. Define and give structure these plant tissues
 meristematic,

ground,

dermal tissue

vascular tissues.
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
21. Define and give function these plant structures
 cambium,

guard cells,

phloem,

seed,

stomata, and

xylem.
Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.18.9
Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (Also assesses SC.912.L.18.7, SC.912.L.18.8, and
SC.912.L.18.10.)
Page #’s
22. Explain how the products of photosynthesis are used as reactants for cellular respiration and vice versa.
23. Explain how photosynthesis stores energy and cellular respiration releases energy.
24. Identify the reactants, products and/or the basic function of photosynthesis.
25. Identify the reactants, products and/or the basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration.
26. Decribe the role of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to energy transfers within the cell.
Mitosis/Meiosis
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.16.17
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their
consequences for genetic variation. (Also assesses SC.912.L.16.8, SC.912.L.16.14, and SC.912.L.16.16.)
Page #’s
27. Differentiate the processes of mitosis and meiosis.
28. Describe the role of mitosis in asexual reproduction, and/or the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction, including
how these processes may contribute to or limit genetic variation.
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
29. Describe specific events in the stages of the cell cycle and phases of mitosis. Mitosis includes phases,
structures, and major events of each phase.
30. Explain how mitosis forms new cells and its role in maintaining chromosome number during asexual
reproduction.
31. Explain how cancer (uncontrolled cell growth) may result from mutations that affect the proteins that regulate the
cell cycle and the relationship between mutations and uncontrolled cell growth.
32. Describe the process of meiosis, including independent assortment and crossing over.
33. Explain how meiosis results in the formation of haploid gametes or spores.
Mendel’s Laws
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.16.1
Use Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance. (Also assesses
SC.912.L.16.2.)
Page #’s
34. Give an example of each of Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment and how are they used to
analyze patterns of inheritance.
35. Identify inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance.
36. What is the difference between a dominant and recessive trait? Use P and F 1 generations in your answer.
37. Distinguish between the P and F1 generations when assessing dihybrid crosses or patterns that include
codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, sex-linkage, or polygenic inheritance.
38. Understand the different ways, percent, ratios, or fractions, that inheritance outcomes may be expressed.
39. Define codominance.
40. Define incomplete dominance.
41. Know how to read a Punnett squares to predict outcomes of a cross.
DNA Replication
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.16.3
Describe the basic process of DNA replication and how it relates to the transmission and conservation of the genetic
information. (Also assesses SC.912.L.16.4, SC.912.L.16.5, and SC.912.L.16.9.)
Page #’s
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
42. Describe the process of DNA replication and/or its role in the transmission and conservation of genetic
information.
43. Describe gene and chromosomal mutations in the DNA sequence.
44. Explain how gene and chromosomal mutations may or may not result in a phenotypic change.
45. Explain the basic processes of transcription and/or translation, and their roles in the expression of genes.
46. Explain that the basic components of DNA are universal in organisms.
47. Explain how similarities in the genetic codes of organisms are due to common ancestry and the process of
inheritance.
48. Analyze gene mutations in a single gene by the changes in the base pairs.
49. How mutations influenced by the process of meiosis?
50. Describe the process of transcription and translation as related to protein synthesis.
Cardiovascular System
Benchmark SC.912.L.14.36
Describe the factors affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system.
Page #’s
51. Students will identify factors that affect blood flow and/or describe how these factors affect blood flow through the
cardiovascular system.
52. Describe these factors blood pressure, blood volume, resistance, disease, and effects of exercise on the
cardiovascular system.
Immune System
Benchmark SC.912.L.14.52
Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines,
and antibiotics.
Page #’s
53. Identify and/or explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific
immune responses.
54. Describe how the human immune system responds to vaccines and/or antibiotics.
55. Explain the significance of genetic factors, environmental factors, and pathogenic agents to health from the
perspective of both individual and public health.
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
56. Define genetic factors, environmental factors, and pathogenic agents to health and how they affect us.
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.16.10
Biotechnology
Evaluate the impact of biotechnology on the individual, society and the environment, including medical and ethical issues.
57. Explain and give examples of the possible impact of biotechnology on the individual, society, and/or the
environment.
Human Reproduction
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.16.13
Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system. Describe the process of human development
from fertilization to birth and major changes that occur in each trimester of pregnancy.
Page #’s
58. Identify and/or describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system.
Male human reproductive system:
Female human reproductive system:
seminal vesicle
Ovaries
prostate gland
oviduct (fallopian tube)
vas deferens
uterus
urethra
cervix
epididymis
vagina
scrotum
penis
testes
59. Describe the process of human development from the zygotic stage to the end of the third trimester and birth.
60. How do these structures function in relation to the developing fetus?
 placenta

umbilical cord

amniotic sac

amniotic fluid
61. Items assessing the production of hormones in the context of the physiology of the human reproductive system
are limited to a conceptual understanding of the production of hormones.
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
62. Recognize that these terms (implantation, morula, blastocyst, gastrulation, neurulation) are related to the early
stages of development.
Evolution
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.15.1
Explain how the scientific theory of evolution is supported by the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative
embryology, biogeography, molecular biology, and observed evolutionary change. (Also assesses SC.912.L.15.10,
SC.912.N.1.3, SC.912.N.1.4, SC.912.N.1.6, SC.912.N.2.1, SC.912.N.3.1, and SC.912.N.3.4.)
Page #’s
63. Identify evidence and/or explain how the scientific theory of evolution is supported by the fossil record,
comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography, molecular biology, and observable evolutionary
change.
64. Examples of and basic trends in hominid evolution from early ancestors to modern humans.
65. Items assessing evolution will focus on a conceptual understanding of the supporting scientific evidence.
66. Why are fossil records so important in the development of the theory of evolution?
67. Tell how each of the following items contributed to the theory of evolution:
 adaptive radiation

convergent evolution

co-evolution

punctuated equilibrium.
68. What are the trends in hominid evolution?
69. What are the key features that separate man from other hominids?
70. How does the development of language or the manufacturing of tools will relate to changes in the skull or brain
size.
71. How are homologous structures and vestigial organs used when referring to comparative anatomy and
comparative embryology?
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
72. What is the overall contribution made by each of the following scientists:
 Darwin

Lamarck

Lyell

Malthus

Mendel

Wallace
Mechanisms of Change
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.15.6
Discuss distinguishing characteristics of the domains and kingdoms of living organisms. (Also assesses SC.912.L.15.4,
SC.912.L.15.5, SC.912.N.1.3, and SC.912.N.1.6.)
Page #’s
73. Identify the distinguishing characteristics of these domains and/or kingdoms of living organisms.
The Domains of:
 Archea

Bacteria

Eukarya
The Kingdoms of:
 Protista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia
74. Identify and/or describe how and/or why organisms are hierarchically classified based on evolutionary
relationships.
75. Explain the reasons for changes in how organisms are classified.
76. Distinguish between prokaryotic, eukaryotic, unicellular and/or multicellular organisms, autotrophs, and/or
heterotrophs.
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
77. Describe the use of evolutionary classification, phylogeny, and the use of cladograms, but they may not assess
the definition of those terms.
Evolution: Origins of Life
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.15.8
Describe the scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth. (Also assesses SC.912.N.1.3, SC.912.N.1.4, and
SC.912.N.2.1.)
Page #’s
78. Describe scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth.
79. Identify situations or conditions contributing to the origin of life on Earth.
80. Items may address the conditions required for the origin of life on Earth but may not require specific knowledge
of the age of Ear th or its eras, periods, or epochs.
81. How did contributions of scientists such as Pasteur, Oparin, Miller and Urey, Margulis, or Fox aid in the
development of the scientific explanation of the origin of life
Natural Selection
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.15.13
Describe the conditions required for natural selection, including: overproduction of offspring, inherited variation, and the
struggle to survive, which result in differential reproductive success. (Also assesses SC.912.L.15.14, SC.912.L.15.15, and
SC.912.N.1.3.)
Page #’s
82. Explain the 4 conditions required for natural selection that result in differential reproductive success.
83. Describe the scientific mechanisms, such as genetic drift, gene flow, and nonrandom mating, which results in
evolutionary change.
84. Explain how mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation.
85. Assess how mutation and genetic recombination increases genetic variation and results in evolution.
86. How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
Theory of Evolution
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.17.5
Analyze how population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and limiting factors (biotic and abiotic)
that determine carrying capacity. (Also assesses SC.912.L.17.2, SC.912.L.17.4, SC.912.L.17.8, and SC.912.N.1.4.) Also
Assesses SC.912.L.17.2
Page #’s
87. Define and explain how population dynamics, abiotic factors and/or biotic factors, and carrying capacity effect
population size in an ecosystem.
88. Explain that different types of organisms exist within aquatic systems due to chemistry, geography, light, depth,
salinity, and/or temperature.
89. Describe the potential changes to an ecosystem resulting from seasonal variations, climate changes and/or
succession.
90. Identify positive and/or negative consequences that result from a reduction in biodiversity.
91. Know the effects of these chemical factors in aquatic systems: pH, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
phosphorous, and salinity.
92. Know the consequences to reduction in biodiversity of catastrophic events, climate changes, human activities,
and the introduction of invasive and nonnative species.
Food Web
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.17.9
Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explain the pathway of energy transfer
through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at successive trophic levels. (Also assesses SC.912.E.7.1.)
Page #’s
93. Describe the energy pathways through the different trophic levels of a food web or energy pyramid.
94. Know how matter moves through these different biogeochemical cycles: Carbon Water
95. Know how changes in matter or energy in trophic levels impacts organisms in food webs.
96. Know the how photosynthesis and cellular respiration describe energy movement through food webs.
97. Be familiar with energy measured in joules (J)?
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BIOLOGY I EOC Study Guide
Human Impact
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.17.20
Predict the impact of individuals on environmental systems and examine how human lifestyles affect sustainability. (Also
assesses SC.912.L.17.11, SC.912.L.17.13, SC.912.N.1.3, and HE.912.C.1.3.)
Page #’s
98. Predict how the actions of humans may impact environmental systems and/or affect sustainability.
99. Evaluate possible environmental impacts resulting from the use of renewable and/or nonrenewable
resources.
100.
Know how renewable and nonrenewable resources affect environmental costs and benefits of those
using resources.
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