Science 10 - Mr. Laura/ Ms. Reynolds Fleetwood Park Secondary
Name:_______________ Date:_______________
Block:____
Sc 10- Chapter 1: Biomes and ecosystems are divisions of the biosphere
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__________- (def’n)- thin layer of air, land, water on or near the earth’s surface in which all
living things on Earth Exist
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The number of species on earth ranges from 3 to 100 million (currently estimated at 13 million)
What you will learn:
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Characteristics and distribution of biomes
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Biotic and abiotic characteristics of biomes and ecosystems
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Plant and animal adaptations to environmental conditions
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Biotic interactions within populations and communities in ecosystems
Notes- Section 1.1 notes p. 8 to 19:
Biomes:
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One can study the biosphere by breaking it down into smaller divisions,
such as: __________, __________, __________
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Biome: large regions that have similar __________components, such as
similar plants and animals, and similar abiotic components, such as similar
__________and amount of __________
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Every environment (example rainforests) has __________ (living) and
__________ (non living ) components
o
Examples:
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Biotic: __________, __________, __________, __________
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They interact with each other and with the physical and chemical
environment in which they live
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Abiotic: __________, __________, __________, and __________
Question: could a biome have more than one type of ecosystem in it? More than one type of
habitat?
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Question: Identify each of the following as either a biotic or an abiotic factor.
1. (a) crab _________________
(b) ocean temperature _________________
(c) lake water ______________
(d) dissolved oxygen _________________
(e) tides __________________
(f ) seaweed _________________
Biomes of the world:
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there are many aquatic biomes on the earth
o
they are essential for life as marine algae provide __________of the worlds oxygen and
take in huge amounts of carbon dioxide
o
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also, evaporated seawater produces rainwater for life on land
we will focus on 8 __________ (land based) biomes (also shown in your data booklet pg. 6)
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boreal forest, desert, grassland, permanent ice, temperate deciduous forest, temperate
rain forest, tropical rainforest, tundra
activity 1-1 A1) study the distribution (where the different biomes are) on the map found on page 10/11.
2) Describe two patterns that you see with regards to the location of the biomes.
Pattern #1:
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Pattern #2
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1. Similar biomes can exist far apart.
2. Tropical rainforests are found near the equator and have temperatures of 20°C to 25°C year-round,
receive about 250 cm of rainfall per year, have a dark forest floor that limits plant growth there, and
have plants and animals that survive in warm, wet environments.
3. Hot deserts are found on every continent at about 30° north and south latitude and have hot days
with cold nights; receive less than 25 cm of precipitation per year, have soil that is salty, and have plants
and animals that are able to live there because they can prevent water loss through their leaves or skin.
4. Permanent ice biomes are found near the poles and have very strong winds, receive less than 50 cm of
precipitation a year, have very cold winter temperatures, and have plants that can tolerate drought and
animals that have thick coats and fat layers for warmth.
Factors that Influence the Characteristics and distribution of Biomes:
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temperature and precipitation:
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recall: climate and biogeoclimatic zones were influenced by temperature and precipitation
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__________ (yearly) __________and __________ (rainfall, snow, mist, and fog are two of
the most important ____________________that influence the __________of biomes
and the __________of biomes on Earth
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For example: a cactus would not survive in arctic and Antarctic; similarly lichen or
moss, which grows in cool, damp places would not survive in the desert
o
Fig. 1.6- shows the relationship between average annual precipitation and average annual
temperature
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There are two other important abiotic factors that help account for the overlap in biomes:
__________and __________
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Latitude: - the __________measured in degrees north or south from the equator
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The equator is given 0 o latitude
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Recall that the equator gets more direct sunlight than anywhere else
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Fig. 1.7- shows equator tropic of cancer and tropic of Capricorn
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They separate the regions into __________, and __________zones
Elevation:- the __________of a land mass above __________level
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Temperature changes occur because the atmosphere becomes __________at higher
elevations, and a thinner atmosphere retains less __________
o
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Also effects precipitation patterns (recall rainshadow effect on mountains)
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Windward side- receives lots of precipitation
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Leeward side- very dry, no precipitation
Ocean Currents- also affect temperature and precipitation (For Example, El Nino/La Nina,
Jetstreams)
Use the Precipitation and Temperature Graph on page 13 to answer the following questions:
1. (a) What is the highest average annual temperature that would be found in a grassland biome? ______
(b) What is the range (lowest and highest) of annual average temperatures for a temperate deciduous
forest biome? Highest __________ Lowest __________
(c) What is the lowest average annual precipitation in a tropical rainforest biome? __________
(d) What is the range (lowest and highest) of annual average precipitation in a boreal
forest biome? Highest __________ Lowest __________
(e) What is the highest average annual precipitation and temperature in a desert biome?
Precipitation __________ Temperature __________
(f ) Which biomes can have both an annual average rainfall of less than 25 cm precipitation and a
temperature below 0°C? ________________ ________________ ________________
Use the Biomes of the World map on page 6 of your Data Pages to answer questions 2 and 3.
2. Which factor, latitude or elevation, is likely more responsible for the locations of thepermanent ice
biome? ________________
3. Which factor, latitude or precipitation, is likely more responsible for the locations of the desert
biome? ________________