The First Phase of the Cold War
1945-1968
I. The Soviet Union
• Stalin Until 1953
– A return life to the 1930s style, which
meant…
• “The war on fascism ends, the war on
_____________begins”
• Purges of political dissidents
• Eastern Europe
– one party Communist states under the
control of the Soviet Union
• one exception
– Tito in Yugoslavia
• After Stalin
– Almost all of his potential successors felt reform was
necessary
• Soviet Union felt internationally isolated
• Soviet economy was struggling
–
–
–
–
Work incentive Issues
Consumer versus Heavy Industry
Sputnik and no toilet paper
U.S. Poverty documentary anecdote
– Khrushchev
• Khrushchev was a fairly strong reformer
• Secret speech / De-Stalinization
• Attempt to ease repression/censorship and ease international
tensions
– Capitalism and Communism can coexist
– Problems for Khrushchev
• How do you let the cat halfway out of the bag?
– Fundamental contradiction in liberalizing a non-liberal government?
• A host of political art and literature smashed Communist
totalitarianism
– Doctor Zhivago
– A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
• Problems with the Eastern bloc countries
• Khrushchev crushed Hungary when a reformist gov. was placed in
power
– Khrushchev eventually fell to hard line communists
• In the eyes of these hard-liners, Khrushchev was weakening a dam
– Makes sense?
• Also, foreign policy disasters were blamed on Khrushchev’s weakness
– Ordered the Western Powers to leave West Berlin and they didn’t
» The Berlin Wall was built (next slide)
– Cuban Missile Crisis (following slide)
The Berlin Wall
• Why was it set up?
– Soviet/East German
explanation
– Real reason
• Brain Drain
• Difficulty of maintaining
control of information in the
East with a free West Berlin
• Proof: Peter Fetcher Story
• Why was the wall so
famous symbolically?
The Berlin Wall (1961)
Checkpoint
Charlie
Peter
Fechter
Photo
The Cuban Missile Crisis

Khrushchev secretly decided to put nukes in
Cuba


Why was this such a big deal?
How was it found out?
Brief Detour – Arms Race/Space Race
Sputnik I (1957)
The Russians have
beaten America in
space—they have the
technological edge!
Apollo 11 (1969)
Khruschev Embraces Castro,1961
Cuban Missile Crisis

Brinkmanship



(cont.)
JFK surrounded and sealed off Cuba with a naval
blockade
Nuclear standoff and the closest the world has ever come
to WWIII
Khrushchev blinked



Missiles were removed
We removed missiles from Turkey (secretly) and
promised to respect Castro’s right to rule Cuba
Appeared that JFK won
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the
Russians, and the other man blinked!
Brezhnev




Long rule (1964-1982)
Return towards Stalin type inflexible
authoritarianism
Eastern European countries had felt the breath of
fresh air and tried to make a break for it…
Czech movement (Prague Spring- 1968) is crushed
Pointless Homage to Brezhnev’s Eyebrows
Part II. Western Europe


Why do I put only Western Europe here?
Central Theme- Amazing recovery

Politically

Put back together by Christian parties in some nations, Socialist and
Communist leaning parties in others



Economically


Why the higher regard for socialists and communists?
Welfare states instituted throughout Europe
Keynesian economics
Europe as a ‘nation’?


Perhaps the only way Europe can compete with U.S. and Soviet Union
Tight enough economic ties may guarantee peace


Coal and Steel Community aka
Obstacles

nationalism (France, England)
the ‘Common Market’

Decolonization

India and Gandhi


France’s attempts to hold on to colonies




Nonviolent resistance
Algeria
Vietnam
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
Neocolonialism


Economic rather than political domination
“You do not have the technology to exploit your own resources.
Allow us to help you.”
Part III. America


Economic explosion
Silent generation v the Counterculture
the ‘Greatest
Generation’
• American is great…beat the
Nazis and Japanese. Stand
against Communism.
• “If you are against
America, then you are a
commie!”
• Conservative and ‘Leave it
to Beaver-ish”
‘Boomers’
• America isn’t as squeaky clean
as we thought when we were
growing up.
• U.S. Imperialism
– Vietnam
• Civil Rights Movement
– Slavery and Inequality
• Gov’t doesn’t listen
• Sex, drugs, rock ‘n roll
• Haven’t lived through Great
Depression and WWII, so they
aren’t impressed with quiet
‘Leave it to Beaver’ life
‘Teeth’ in the Truman Doctrine
• Korean War
Hansen
Name ____________________
AP Euro
Period _________
The First Phase of the Cold War (1945-1968)
(Note-Taking Guide)
► I. The Soviet Union
•
Stalin _______________________
–
A return life to the 1930s style, which meant…
• “The war on fascism ends, the war on
_____________begins”
• Purges of political dissidents
•
Eastern Europe
–
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
• one exception
– __________________________
•
After Stalin
–
Almost all of his potential successors felt __________________
• Soviet Union felt __________________________
• Soviet economy was struggling
– ___________________ Issues
– _______________ versus _________ Industry
– ______________and no _______________
– U.S. Poverty documentary anecdote
–
Khrushchev
• Khrushchev was a fairly strong reformer
• Secret speech / ______________________
• Attempt to ease repression/censorship and ease
international tensions
– Capitalism and Communism ______________
–
•
Problems for Khrushchev
•
How do you let the cat halfway out of the bag?
–
Fundamental contradiction in ____________ a
__________________ government?
•
A host of political art and literature smashed Communist
totalitarianism
–
___________________________
–
A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
•
Problems with the Eastern bloc countries
•
Khrushchev ____________________ when a reformist
gov. was placed in power
–
Khrushchev eventually fell to ________________________
•
In the eyes of these hard-liners, Khrushchev was
_________ _________________________
–
Makes sense?
•
Also, foreign policy disasters were blamed on
Khrushchev’s weakness
–
Ordered the Western Powers to leave West
Berlin _________________________
»
________________was built
–
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Berlin Wall
•
Why was it set up? ____________________________________
–
Soviet/East German explanation- __________________________
_____________________________________________________
–
Real reason
•
________________________________
•
Difficulty of maintaining control of information in the
East with a _________________________________
•
Proof: Peter Fetcher Story
•
Why was the wall so famous symbolically?
•
Cuban Missile Crisis
•
Khrushchev __________________________ in Cuba
• Why was this such a big deal? ____________________
_____________________________________________
___
• How was it found out? __________________________
_____________________________________________
___
–
Brinkmanship
• JFK ______________________________ with a naval
blockade
• Nuclear standoff and the closest the world has ever
_______________________________
–
Khrushchev _______________________
• Missiles were removed
• We removed missiles from __________ (__________)
and promised to respect Castro’s _______________
Cuba
• Appeared that JFK won
•
Brezhnev
–
Long rule (1964-1982)
–
Return towards Stalin _______________________________
–
Eastern European countries had felt the breath of fresh air and
tried to make a break for it…
–
Czech movement (________________________) was crushed
► Part II. Western Europe
•
Central Theme- Amazing recovery
–
Politically
• Put back together by Christian parties in some nations,
Socialist and Communist leaning parties in others
– Why the higher regard for socialists and
communists?
– _____________________ instituted
throughout Europe
–
Economically
• _________________________
–
Europe as a ‘_____________________’?
• Perhaps the only way _____________________ with
U.S. and Soviet Union
• Tight enough economic ties may _______________
– ________________________ Community
aka the ‘_________________________’
•
Decolonization
•
India and ________________
• Nonviolent resistance
•
France’s attempts to hold on to colonies
• Algeria
• ___________________
• Battle of Dien Bien Phu
•
Neocolonialism
•
___________________ rather than political domination
•
“You do not have the technology to exploit your own resources.
Allow us ______________________________.”
► Part III America
•
Economic explosion
•
_______________ generation v the __________________
•
Teeth in the Truman Doctrine
•
_______________________