Renal 1
Renal 2
Misc.
Immune 1
Immune 2
10
10
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
20
30
30
30
30
30
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
QUESTION:
•What is the functional unit of the kidney?
ANSWER:
•Nephron
QUESTION:
•Name two types of nephrons.
ANSWER:
•Cortical
•Juxtamedullary
QUESTION:
•What are the three protective layers surrounding the
kidney?
ANSWER:
•Renal fascia
•Perirenal fat capsule
•Fibrous capsule
QUESTION:
•Name the parts of the renal tubule.
ANSWER:
•PCT
•Descending LOH
•Ascending LOH
•DCT
•Collecting ducts
QUESTION:
•Trace the blood flow through the nephron.
ANSWER:
•
•
•
•
•
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries
Vasa recta
QUESTION:
•What do the cells in the PCT look like?
ANSWER:
•Microvilli
•Mitochondria
QUESTION:
•What is the function of the DCT?
ANSWER:
•Secretion
QUESTION:
•What is the function of intercalated cells and principal cells?
ANSWER:
•Intercalated – Maintain acid-base balance
•Principal – Water and salt regulation
QUESTION:
•Describe how the myogenic mechanism works.
ANSWER:
• When blood pressure goes up, afferent arterioles constrict
to slow down GFR
•When blood pressure goes down, afferent arterioles dilate
to speed up GFR
QUESTION:
•What are the three stages of urine formation?
ANSWER:
•Glomerular filtration
•Tubular reabsorption
•Tubular secretion
QUESTION:
•What is the defining characteristic of NK cells?
ANSWER:
•Not phagocytic
QUESTION:
•Name the three layers of the filtration membrane.
ANSWER:
•Capillary endothelium
•Basement membrane
•Podocyte
QUESTION:
•Name three hormones in the renal system and what they
do.
ANSWER:
•Parathyroid hormone – regulates calcium levels
•ADH – water regulation
•Aldosterone – sodium regulation
QUESTION:
•What are the four stages of phagocyte mobilization?
ANSWER:
•Leukocytosis
•Margination
•Diapedesis
•Chemotaxis
QUESTION:
•Describe how the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism
works.
ANSWER:
•When salt levels are high, macula densa cells of JGA release
vasoconstricting chemical
•Afferent arteriole constricts, GFR decreases
QUESTION:
•Name two barriers in the first line of defense.
ANSWER:
•Skin
•Mucous membranes
QUESTION:
•Name two cell types that are a part of the second line of
defense.
ANSWER:
•Macrophages
•Neutrophils
•Natural killer cells
•Phagocytes
QUESTION:
•What are two signs of the inflammatory response?
ANSWER:
•Swelling
•Redness
•Heat
•Pain
QUESTION:
•Name two characteristics of the adaptive immune system.
ANSWER:
•Antigen specific
•Systemic
•Has memory
QUESTION:
•What does SCID and AIDS stand for?
ANSWER:
•Severe combined immunodeficiency
•Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
QUESTION:
•Where do T-cells and B-cells mature?
ANSWER:
•Thymus
•Bone marrow
QUESTION:
•How can an organism acquire immunity actively?
ANSWER:
•Having an infection
•Vaccinations
QUESTION:
•What is one type of passive immunity?
ANSWER:
•Donor antibodies
•Mother’s antibodies
QUESTION:
•What type of protein recognizes normal cells as “self?”
ANSWER:
•Class I major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC)
QUESTION:
•What is one autoimmune disease?
ANSWER:
•Rheumatoid arthritis
•Multiple sclerosis