Respiratory & Excretory System Review
Define the following terms:
Respiration- Process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical
reactions inside cells. Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.
Epiglottis- It's the part of your body that flops down over the windpipe when you swallow to
keep food from going into your lungs. Without your epiglottis, you would cough or choke every
time you eat.
Bronchi- The passages that direct air into the lungs.
Cilia- tiny hair-like extensions found in your nose that trap any bacteria as you breathe
Diaphragm- Located at the base of the lungs, its a dome shaped muscle that plays an
important role in breathing.
Bronchitis- Irritation of the breathing passages in which the small passages become narrower
than normal and may be clogged with mucus.
Nephron- The tiny structures that remove wastes from blood and produce urine
Ureter- Two narrow tubes that transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Urethra- A small tube where urine exits the body.
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the job of the nose/nasal cavity in the respiratory system?
The nose heats the air breathed in, mucus is formed and the air is moistened. It traps particles
like dust and bacteria. Cilia sweeps mucus into the throat where it is swallowed, then destroyed
by stomach acid.
2. What occurs during gas exchange?
After air enters an alveolus, oxygen passes through the wall of the alveolus and then through the
capillary wall into the blood. Carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood into the alveoli.
3. What does emphysema destroy?
Lung tissue; also causes difficulty breathing
4. What is the difference between active smoking and passive smoking?
During passive smoking, people involuntarily inhale smoke from other people’s cigarettes,
cigars, or pipes. During active smoking, people are voluntarily inhaling smoke from cigarettes,
cigars, or pipes.
5. What do the following chemicals in tobacco smoke do to your body?
o
o
o
Tar- A dark, sticky substance formed when tobacco burns.
Carbon monoxide- gas that takes the place of oxygen in red blood cells.
Nicotine- addicting substance, which is a stimulant (increases heart rate).
Fill in the blank/blanks:
1. The respiratory system brings in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide and water.
2. The throat is also called the pharynx.
3. The voicebox is also known as the larynx.
4. The pharynx is part of the respiratory system and the digestive system.
5. Most of the air that is taken into the lungs is converted to water.
6. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.
7. The alveoli are tiny sacs in the lungs and are surrounded capillaries.
8. The length of the vocal cords determine how high or low a persons’ voice is.
9. Lung cancer is when a cancerous growth, or tumor takes away space in the lungs that
should be used for gas exchange.
10. The job of the excretory system is to collect and remove waste from the body.
11. When we breathe in or, inhale our diaphragm moves down.
12. When we breathe out, or exhale our diaphragm moves up.
13. When the diaphragm contracts air pressure in the chest decreases.
14. Suzie has a higher voice than Freddy because her vocal chords are shorter than his, and his
vocal chords are longer than hers.
Complete the following chart:
Organ
Job/Function
Urinary Bladder
A sacklike muscular organ that stores urine.
Skin
Another organ of excretion; skin sweats out
waste
Kidneys
Eliminate urea and excess water
Liver
Produce urea and filter toxins in the blood
Label the following diagrams: