Internet Essentials
The History of the Internet
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The Internet started when the
Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) of the United
States Defense Department
began a network called
ARPANET in 1969.
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It was used as a tool to link
university and government
research centers together to
exchange information and
share resources.
Father of the World Wide Web
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In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee produced the first
version of the World Wide web, the first web
browser and the first web server.
In 1991 it was put online
The first web page address was
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProjec
t.html
W3C
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In 1994, Berners-Lee founded W3C (World
Wide Web consortium)
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This is an organization to try to improve the
quality and standard of the world wide web.
Internet definition
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The Internet is a global wide
area network that connects
computer systems across the
world.
It includes several highbandwidth data lines that
makeup the Internet
"backbone."
These lines are connected to
major Internet hubs that
distribute data to other
locations, such as web servers
and ISPs.
Networks
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The Internet is the largest computer network in
the world, connecting millions of computers.
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A network is a group of two or more computer
systems linked together.
2 types of Networks
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There are two main types of computer networks:
1. Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is 2 or more
connected computers sharing resources in a small
geographic location. Examples: home networks and
office networks.
2. Wide Area Network (WAN): A WAN is two or more
LANs. The computers are farther apart. Examples:
OCPS
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The Internet is the largest Wide Area Network (WAN) in
existence.
Servers
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A server is a computer that "serves" many
different computers in a network by running
specialized software and storing
information.
For example, webpages are stored on
servers.
The Cloud
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When something is in the
cloud, it means it is stored on
servers on the Internet instead
of on your computer.
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It lets you access
your calendar, email, files,
and more from any computer
that has an Internet
connection.
Packets
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early creators of the Internet
discovered that data moves
faster when it is divided into
smaller pieces, sent
separately, then reassembled.
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These data pieces are called
packets.
Protocols
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When computers communicate with each other, there
needs to be a common set of rules and instructions that
each computer follows.
A specific set of communication rules is called a protocol.
Because of the many ways computers can communicate
with each other, there are many different protocols.
Some examples of these different protocols include
TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
Can you guess what the last "P" in each acronym stands
for? "protocol"
Operating Systems
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The program that lets you
interact with your computer
It is software that
communicates with the
computer hardware (acts like a
translator)
Before you connect with the
internet you need certain
software and hardware
installed on your computer
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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Companies that
provide service to
the internet free or
for a fee
Examples:
BrightHouse,
Century Link, AOL
Connecting to the Internet
Internet Addresses
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The internet and the post office
have similarities
The internet relies on an
addressing system, like the
post office, to send data to a
computer at a certain
destination
An Internet Protocol address
(IP) is a number that uniquely
identifies each computer
All IP addresses used on the
internet are combinations of
numbers instead of names
A domain name is the text
version of an IP address
Domain Names
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When you use a mobile phone and select
“mom’s home phone” from your address
book, you are actually dialing a combination
of numbers. This is how domain names work
with Web pages.
Domain Name Server (DNS)
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when you specify a domain name, a
DNS server translates the domain
name to its related IP address so that
information is transmitted to the
correct computer.
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the right-side component of a domain
name categorizes domains into groups
by company (.com), educational
institution (.edu), organization (.org) or
country (for example, .ca). These
categories are called top-level
domains (TLDs).
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each domain name is unique and
registered with the Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN).
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when a name (for example, google)
within a domain category (for example,
.com) is assigned, no other
organization or individual can use that
name within that category.
Domain Names
Internet Connection Terms
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In this activity, you will review
terms related to Internet
connections.
Match the terms in the left
column with their correct
definitions in the right column.
Write the correct definition
letters in the spaces provided next
to the terms.
What is required to connect to
the Internet?
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In this activity, you will identify
the components required to
connect to the Internet.
Six elements are required for a
computer to connect to the
Internet. The user generally
acquires the first three by
obtaining a computer. Fill in
the missing elements.
Domain Name Scavenger Hunt
In this activity, you will use a
Web browser to find the
domain names assigned to
various IP addresses.
1. Open a Web browser.
2. Enter each IP address listed
below, one at a time.
3. For each IP address, write the
server, domain name and domain
category below.
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