0 Developing a Pricing Strategy in Today’s Health Care Environment Las Vegas May 17, 2006 Anthony Cirillo, CHE, ABC, President Jeffery P. Tarte, Managing Partner Applied Revenue Analytics 1 Agenda I. Introductions II. Expectations and Rules of the Road III. What is impacting the Healthcare Industry? IV. Taking the Matter into the C-Suite V. Principles of Pricing in Retail Marketing VI. Pricing Philosophies within the HC Industry VII. What Hospitals are Doing and How They Do It VIII. Making Prices Available to the Public IX. Future State Applied Revenue Analytics 2 Rules of the Road Here to Exchange Information and Ideas Questions throughout welcomed There are no stupid questions One conversation at a time Parking lot items Cell phone off or on vibrate Provide contact information - will send material “Never doubt that a small, group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” Margaret Mead Applied Revenue Analytics 3 Applied Revenue Analytics 4 SCOTT & WHITE Applied Revenue Analytics 5 Applied Revenue Analytics 6 Market Forces Percent of GDP Employer Backlash Consumer Driven Healthcare Media Class Action Lawsuits Government Sanctions Medical Tourisms Advocates Applied Revenue Analytics 7 % of GDP 16% of GDP > 7.9 % to $1.9 trillion 62% increase doctors and hospitals Hospitals costs jumped 8.6% / $571 billion Physician costs > 9% to $400 billion Less focus on pharma Increased scrutiny of hospitals What’s your story? CMS 1/9/06 Applied Revenue Analytics 8 GDP Applied Revenue Analytics 9 Employers Have Had Enough Getting out Reducing coverage and cost shifting GM and Ford Uninsured 45 million / Underinsured 16 million ED Implications What is your charity care policy? How is it or is it linked to your pricing policy? Applied Revenue Analytics 10 Mission Implications Healthcare Financial Management Association – March 2005 Ready for Prime Time? Make Your Financial Assistance Policy a Class Act Financial Assistance Policy: Written and applied consistently Eligibility for discounts spelled out (who qualifies) Financial need, income levels, expenses and assets considered, etc. What services are discounted? What are the discounts? Proper notice / communication Documentation needed Time limits Payment plans Collection activities Applied Revenue Analytics 11 Consumer Driven Healthcare Numbers low but growing HSA’s and HRA’s > 30% Risk plans Healthcare expenditures per person $6,250 Out of pocket expenditures > 55% Implications: Care avoidance Shop on price but do they know how? Price Packages / Collections Applied Revenue Analytics 12 Media The Street.com “It’s inevitable. Hospitals are going to have to tell us how much they are charging. I’m very concerned about the hospital group in general, for all the obvious reasons.” Sheryl Skolnick, CRT Capital Applied Revenue Analytics 13 Media > coverage Focus on the uninsured Hospitals looking bad Applied Revenue Analytics 14 Media Applied Revenue Analytics 15 Class Action Lawsuits Richard Scruggs Applied Revenue Analytics 16 Class Action Lawsuits And Tax Exempt Challenges Richard Scruggs Senator Charles Grassley Applied Revenue Analytics 17 Harsh Repercussions Aggregate value of income tax exemption for all nonprofits during a one year period – $4.6 billion Median hospital benefits total 1.8 percent of total assets Property tax exemption aggregate value - $1.7 billion 1.36 to 3.28 percent of fixed assets Solucient 2005 – hospital margins totally dependent on operating income Applied Revenue Analytics 18 Harsh Repercussions IRS Soft Audits of Executive Comp House Ways and Means and Senate Financing investigating IRS Considering a 5 Year Review expanded 990 public disclosure of financials board duty review Applied Revenue Analytics 19 Perceptions AHA Survey – hospitals perceived as for-profit 50% of bankruptcies linked to healthcare Competing doctors charge less AND pay taxes Community costs of providing service (fire, police, etc.) increasing “It is not enough for business to do well; it must also do good. But in order to “do good,” a business must first “do well.”” Peter Drucker Applied Revenue Analytics 20 Sample Case Study Assumptions: - 300-bed hospital - Net revenue – $135.1 Million - Profit Margin - $3.5 million or 2.6% - Spends $34.4 million on supplies - Property, plant and equipment is $39.9 million - 1,650 employees Federal Income Tax Federal Unemployment Tax Sales and Use Tax Real Property Tax State and Local Net Income Tax State Unemployment Tax Total $1,190,000 $ 92,400 $2,758,000 $1,025,000 $ 577,500 $ 836,880 $6,479,780 (18%) (1%) (43%) (16%) (9%) (13%) 5% of revenues; from a profit to a loss PricewaterhouseCoopers Health Research Institute Acts of Charity – Charity care strategies for hospitals in a changing landscape Applied Revenue Analytics 21 Charges to Expenses U.S. average – 262% markup PA – 380% markup; 2nd highest in U.S. Source: Demonstrating and Improving Hospital Accountability for Charity Care, ACHE, 3/15/05, The Lewin Group Applied Revenue Analytics 22 Government Ongoing hearings Threatened legislation to close price gap Forcing issue by publishing price Actively lobbying payers to demand accountability Implications: Uninsured will compare Worse - Insurers will compare! Ready to renegotiate? Applied Revenue Analytics 23 States Massachusetts Health Care Bill Requiring nearly all residents to purchase health insurance Allows companies to offer employees cheaper, pared-down health plans – catastrophic insurance, limited doctor’s visits, high-deductible health plans Companies that do not offer employees a health care plan risk having to pay for an uninsured employee's health care costs if these costs rise above $50,000 Observers believe costs will shift from hospitals to primary care physicians Applied Revenue Analytics 24 Medical Tourism Healthcare is not local All things equal, people will shop on price 8% of uninsured earn $75,000+ International examples Psychological and economic research has shown that people will pay different amounts for the same item, depending on who is providing it. Steven Levitt, Author Freakonomics and Economics Professor University of Chicago Applied Revenue Analytics 25 Advocates Applied Revenue Analytics 26 Mixed Messages Reimbursement on sickness when you have a wellness mission! Applied Revenue Analytics 27 Price Transparency California Healthcare Foundation – deployed 600 mystery shoppers to find price Kaiser Family Foundation / USA Today – 52% of doctors never discuss price Applied Revenue Analytics 28 CFO Top of Mind Topics Revenue Generation Uninsured Finance Rating Access to Capital OIG and Compliance Matters Capital Construction Projects New Modalities and Technologies Departmental Outsourcing Specialty Hospitals Single Payor System Future Physician Shortage Applied Revenue Analytics 29 Who is Interested in What you Charge for Services? C-Suite Insurance companies Board of Directors Patients Newspaper Department Heads Care Providers Competitors Banker OIG Applied Revenue Analytics 30 If these Statements Describe your Hospital you can Ignore this Material… CMS owes us money—we do not want it—let them keep it We have more revenue than we need We will never raise prices again Across-the-Board price increases are the best way We are a not-for-profit so nobody pays attention to operating margin We could care less how we are reimbursed for our services We know the cost to deliver every service we perform down to the penny We can explain the price for every line item in our CDM We could care less about what our competitors charge or are reimbursed We would never invest in anything with a 400% guaranteed ROI in 12 months We cannot improve anything we currently do “What people say, what people do, and what they say they do are entirely different things!” Peter Drucker Applied Revenue Analytics 31 “Strategic Pricing” Across the Board Medicare Percentage Mark-Up Selective Service Item Charge Revision Price Schedules Market Driven Charge Based Charging Parameter Driven Business Rules Computational Concurrent Mathematical Modeling Source: Decision Health Applied Revenue Analytics 32 P=V=C Price What you have to give up in order to get something Value What you are just barely willing to give up to get something Declining Marginal Utility What is additional value of another “MRI” Marginal Rate of Substitution Rate at which you will substitute a “CAT Scan” for an “MRI” Applied Revenue Analytics 33 What Influences your Thought Process? Competitive Advantage (Michael Porter, Harvard) Critical Success Factor (John Rockert, MIT) Value Creation (Campbell Harvey, Duke) What is the Right Price? (Bob Barker, Price is Right) Applied Revenue Analytics 34 Applied Revenue Analytics 35 Applied Revenue Analytics 36 Applied Revenue Analytics 37 Applied Revenue Analytics 38 = 2 cents a cup = 20 cents a cup = $3 - $5 a cup = $1cup The Experience Economy – B. Joseph Pine II, James Gilmore Applied Revenue Analytics 39 Retail Price Philosophy Align price with value Everyone gets the same deal Discounting frowned upon creates price sensitive markets spread between published and realized price less objective measures “But unlike most everyone else, the prices we publish for our steel products are the prices we charge. To everyone. No special discounts. No exceptions.” Ken Iverson, Chairman Nucor Steel Applied Revenue Analytics 40 Retail Price Philosophy Use value Quality and satisfaction data to show value: Why You / Why That Price Though data says public does not use these yet! Trade off value for price paid Applied Revenue Analytics 41 Retail Price Philosophy Other value determinants: What alternatives do they have? How easy is it to compare products? Is cost benefit easily seen? People focus on % not absolute What else are they paying for? What is the lifetime value? Applied Revenue Analytics 42 What is a Customer Worth? S = average revenue generated per visit C = average cost of servicing customer per visit V = customer expected number of visits per year Y = the expected number of years the customer will use service A = the costs of acquiring a new customer N = the number of people the customer refers to you F = the correction factor for the time analyzed S - C = gross margin V x Y = lifetime visits A x N – amount of acquisition money saved Lifetime Value = ((S-C) x (VxY) – A + (AxN)) x F Weiss Marketing Prof Applied Revenue Analytics 43 What is a Customer Worth? S = $50 C = $4 V = 24 Y = 40 A = $15 N=4 F = 1.1 Lifetime Value = ((S-C) x (VxY) – A + (AxN)) x F ((50-4) x (24x40) – 15 + (15x4)) x 1.1) = $48,625.50 Weiss Marketing Prof Applied Revenue Analytics 44 Price Approaches Comparative pricing Discounts High-end image Pricing Introductory offers Incentive pricing Convenience pricing Loss leader Market share capture pricing Price lining Skim pricing Access pricing / concierge approach Year-end cafeteria pricing Barter Gift cards Zero interest Integrated pricing (packages) Marlowe Healthcare Marketing Report Applied Revenue Analytics 45 Retail Price Philosophy Package bundles based on mass customization Applied Revenue Analytics 46 Retail Price Philosophy Additive Option Strategy Subtractive Option Strategy Which is better? Applied Revenue Analytics 47 Retail Price Philosophy Subtractive Consumer has perceived power Perception of starting at higher level of quality Applied Revenue Analytics 48 Retail Price Philosophy Silver Gold Platinum Maternity Services Other examples please! Applied Revenue Analytics 49 Attributes of Leading Edge Solutions Appropriateness (how compare) Reasonable and Customary (for what performed) Consistency (same throughout house) Mathematical Problem Solving Optimizes Hospital Business Policies and Practices Replicate Process and get the Same Answer Defensible and Transparent Equation Specificity Flexibility Computational Concurrency Sensitivity Analysis with Major Event Changes Applied Revenue Analytics 50 Attributes of Industry Best Approach Model any marketing, financial or policy parameter Defined variables from (3 or 4) to (30 or 40) parameters What-if analysis while optimizing within model constraints Model on gross to net ratio or by desired net revenue amount Set individual department and location parameters Virtually unlimited and specific benchmarks Rank using competitors prices Sensitivity analysis with major event changes Applied Revenue Analytics 51 Frequently Asked Questions What do you need from hospital to do the work? What are sources of benchmark data? How long does the project take? How does this keep my prices competitive and defensible? What is usual, customary and reasonable? What happens if I change a parameter after we start? What will this cost? Why would I not do this? Applied Revenue Analytics 52 Project Scope Pricing Analysis objectives: Increase incremental net revenue Align to desired market position Defensible individual item prices UCR “certified” Szyzgy – alignment of all prices in relationship to all other prices “Finding the underlying order in apparently random data – Chaos Theory” Edward Lorenz, Harvard PhD and Math Professor Emeritus MIT Applied Revenue Analytics 53 Rules of Thumb Touch about 15% to 25% of the items in CDM Focus on proper market alignment & net revenue management Biggest impact will be on outpatient services Pay attention to Lab, Rad, Am Surg, and ED 1% to 2% net revenue increase of gross revenue Major price update should be tied to your budget process Multi facility systems need to address synchronization and standards issues Refine cost and reimbursement analysis Applied Revenue Analytics 54 What is defined, built and loaded into Mathematical Model Analytical parameters Upper and lower boundaries Applicable maximum overall charge increase Patient revenue opportunity equation Net revenue opportunity equation Price equalization and stepping rules Data from Get Ready activities Applied Revenue Analytics 55 Data Sets Data loaded into model: CDM with current prices CDM items with both usage and CPT/HCPCS codes Payer contract reimbursement terms Patient charge detail Payer mix Health plan information Hospital benchmarks from OPPS and Geozip sources CMS fee schedules Applied Revenue Analytics 56 Getting Ready Data files reviewed for completeness Standardize all data files Identify items with both Revenue & Usage and CPT/HCPCS codes Charge sensitive items identified by financial class Health plans charge detail mapped to individual contracts Data transformed for processing by analytical engine Allocate managed care usage by line item if detail unavailable Applied Revenue Analytics 57 Helping you Help Yourself… Charge Description Master (CDM) Pricing Objectives Model Optimization Marketing, Financial & Policy Provisions of Client Revenue & Usage (Charge code Revenue & Usage and plan level) External Pricing Benchmarks & Cross Walks Mathematical Formulation Pricing Analytics Managed Care Contracts (Plan and code level) Applied Revenue Analytics 58 Lessons Learned Optimize, not maximize Consistent, customary, reasonable, appropriate, proper Procedure based pricing Start with items with CPT/HCPCS and Rev & Usage Attention at plan and code level Measure – compare - monitor Use multiple satellites like your GPS Calculate what you get paid by everybody Draw a map others can follow Get others to do some of the work for you Applied Revenue Analytics 59 What can be modeled into a parameter? “Nothing will work, unless you do!” John Wooden, UCLA Coach of 11 time NCAA Champions Applied Revenue Analytics 60 Concurrency and Flexibility Cap overall annual percentage increase at 5% Increase observation codes at a 3% Across-the-Board percentage No item increased if gross-to-net percentage is less than 2% Set all items between 20th and 50th percentile so at least three hospitals have higher price Position prices at 65th percentile of market No individual price increased more than 75% Lower items where highest in market and position each item as second highest No prices higher than Main Street Medical Center Equalize EKG and MRI prices across the organization Set mammography price to lowest in market & identify alternative revenue sources No department shall have more than 30% of the net revenue gain from price change Calculate net revenue impact for price change for BCBCS Automatically identify procedures/items with stepping issues after price change Identify best “candidates” to achieve additional $1,200,000 in net revenue (“run model in reverse”) Applied Revenue Analytics 61 Why Run Iterations of any Model Stay optimized within the model Market positioning Reasonableness Departmental specificity Stepping and equalization Unit of measure matters Multiple prices for a single CPT/HCPCS code Unique pricing for: Observation Therapies Rehab Recurring visits Etc. Applied Revenue Analytics 62 Minimum Deliverables Recommended price changes (up and down) Comparative rankings Analysis by dept, fin class, rev code, contract, etc. File ready for upload Applied Revenue Analytics 63 Value Proposition The best achievable result in incremental net revenue Mathematical and scientific approach to establishing prices Rigorous analysis of each items price positioned to business rules Defensible and transparent prices Guaranteed return on investment “Which one of you guys is shooting for second place?” Larry Bird, In locker room before winning first NBA 3 Point Contest Applied Revenue Analytics 64 Rutherford Hospital $1.39 million additional net revenue Rutherford Hospital ($millions) Pricing Approach In Charges Out Total In Net Revenue Out Total ATB (5%) FY05 ATB Opportunity 22.94 21.86 1.08 49.92 47.53 2.39 72.86 69.39 3.47 1.06 1.01 0.05 13.34 12.70 0.64 14.40 13.71 0.69 Applied Revenue FY05 Model Opportunity 19.84 21.86 -2.01 53.02 47.53 5.49 72.86 69.39 3.47 0.97 1.01 -0.04 14.82 12.70 2.12 15.79 13.71 2.08 Model Versus ATB -3.10 3.10 0.00 -0.09 1.48 1.39 ATB : "Across the Board" Applied Revenue Analytics 65 The Gold Standards Double or triple net revenue through selective changes vs. Across-the-board increases Calculate net revenue impact with high degree of confidence Appropriate prices lowered Dynamic vs. static Time-based vs. procedure-based Calculate impact on Medicare Outliers Bell shaped curve with E&M codes in ED Every price is current with fee schedules APC and cost multipliers Know where you stand within your geographic space, and with peers Applied Revenue Analytics 66 Consider this Litmus Test Driven by market, financial, and departmental policies and practices Aligns concurrent pricing strategies and rules Preserves internal CDM structure Optimizes net revenue Ensures stepping and equalization done properly Facilitates objective and defensible price decisions Addresses appropriate updates from fee schedules Avoids single focus selective price increases Reduces write-offs Minimizes re-work and clean-up for PFS and IT staff Measures and monitors outcomes “How to build a winner: Desire, backed by determination and work ethic” Michael Jordan, 6 time NBA Champion Applied Revenue Analytics 67 Communicating Price – St. Luke’s Kansas City Public interest Receiving inquiries across departments No standardization Consumer confusion Lost opportunity Applied Revenue Analytics 68 Communicating Price – St. Luke’s Kansas City Goals Provide price Health plan inclusions and exclusions Outpatient and frequently requested inpatient Sell value Provide payment methods Applied Revenue Analytics 69 Communicating Price – St. Luke’s Kansas City Pre-requisite Payer information Price information Ease of use Same day information Consistent service Know health system value by procedure Documentation Applied Revenue Analytics 70 Communicating Price – St. Luke’s Kansas City What they collect What they then do Who was involved Applied Revenue Analytics 71 Communicating Price – St. Luke’s Kansas City Metrics Number of calls Length of time to respond How many unfulfilled calls How many became patients Applied Revenue Analytics 72 Communicating Price – St. Luke’s Kansas City Increase in the number of people scheduling and converting Call volumes exceed capacity Started under marketing, now with Finance Mammography and deliveries top inquiries Uninsured quoted based on a schedule tied to charity care policy Applied Revenue Analytics 73 Communicating Price – St. Luke’s Kansas City Applied Revenue Analytics 74 Applied Revenue Analytics 75 Applied Revenue Analytics 76 Applied Revenue Analytics 77 Applied Revenue Analytics 78 Applied Revenue Analytics 79 Applied Revenue Analytics 80 Package title : Comprehensive Program - Male Summary: This is a comprehensive check-up package for male. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vital Signs and Physical Examination Eye Exam (tonometry, autorefractometry) Radiology Studies 3.1 Chest X-ray 3.2 Ultrasound of Whole Abdomen Cardiac investigations 4.1 Exercise Stress Test (Treadmill) or Echo Cardiogram Laboratory Studies Doctor Fee Package Price: 12,500 baht = $320 Note: The Package Pricing is extended to patients who settle the bill directly to the Hospital only. No discount of any kind may be applied to package prices. Applied Revenue Analytics 81 Face Lift (Face, Neck, Upper and Lower Blepharoplasty) Summary: This is a routine Face Lift Procedure Package with 1 night length of stay in the surgical unit. The Package Includes: • • • • • • • • Operating Room Charges : Accommodation for 1 nights in the surgical floor including : Laboratory Testing : Radiology Studies : Medical Equipment and Medical Supplies necessary for the procedure Anesthesia : Medications : Doctor Fees • Surgeon Fees • Anesthesiologist Fees Package Price: 162,000 baht = $4134 Applied Revenue Analytics 82 Apollo Hospitals India Specialities & Procedures No of Days Stay in The Hospital. Estimated Total Cost in US $ COSMETIC SURGERY Abdominoplasty/Tummy Tuck 2 Days 2900 Face Lift 1 Day 2800 Face Lift with Upper or Lower Blepharoplasty 1 Day 3300 Face Lift with Upper & Lower Blepharoplasty 1 Day 3500 Upper & Lower Blapharoplasty 1 Day 2200 Upper or Lower Blepharoplasty OPD 1200 Liposuction- Abdomen OPD 1600 Liposuction- Buttocks & Thighs OPD 1600 Liposuction-Abdomen,Buttocks & Thighs 1 Day 2700 Breast Augmentation(without Implant) 1 Day 2200 Stapedotomy 2 Days 1420 Tympanoplasty 2 Days 1060 Ossiculoplasty 2 Days 1060 ENT Applied Revenue Analytics 83 Apollo Hospitals India Specialities & Procedures No of Days Stay in The Hospital. Estimated Total Cost in US $ VASCULAR SURGERY Carotid Artery Surgery 5 Days 5100 Carotid Angioplasty with Stenting 4 Days 8400 Gastric Bypass 3 Days 6500 Gastroplasty 5 Days 6000 Laparoscopic Hernia Repair 3 Days 2800 Knee Replacement (Unilateral) 7 Days 6400 Hip Replacement (Unilateral) 7 Days 6300 Birmingham Hip Resurfacing(Unilateral) 7 Days 6500 SURGICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY ORTHOPAEDIC PACKAGES Applied Revenue Analytics 84 Myth – Not a Myth? Health care is no longer local? Single payer system will happen within 10 years? Patients exhibit brand loyalty? Choice is prevalent and always will be? We are the high cost provider (I know the cost to deliver services)? Best method to generate patients: Advertising or word-of-mouth referral? Predicted physician shortage will have butterfly effect on prices? Applied Revenue Analytics 85 Align your prices to your market Other Implications Know the price and share the price Be compensated fairly Know what competitors charge Know what competitors are reimbursed Get paid now or you may not get paid later Collect at the time of service Adjust and integrate revenue cycle Real time claims adjudication The new PR ambassadors Introduce service enhancements debit cards access to online bills and balances online pay Rethink the scope of your marketing Make the experience the best it can be Applied Revenue Analytics 86 Sustained Success “Executives do not need or deserve special treatment. We are not more important than other employees. And we are not better than anyone else. We just have different jobs to do.” Ken Iverson, Chairman Nucor Steel Applied Revenue Analytics 87 Focus of Future Pricing Decisions Margin Management Value Creation Computational Concurrency Cost & Reimbursement Quotient Patient Rubric Applied Revenue Analytics 88 “Leadership has numerous ingredients: intellect, determination, patience, commitment, consistency, vision, kindness, boldness, the ability to focus on important broad issues, and above all the ability to motivate people and persuade them to accept your ideas.” David Cooper Knight-Ridder Applied Revenue Analytics 89 Common Success Factors Create value Candor Eliminate fear of failure Data is not knowledge, but the answer lies in the right data Embrace change, but change for change sake is stupid Listen actively Make the tough decisions, make the critical decisions faster Applied Revenue Analytics 90 Applied Revenue Analytics 91 Applied Revenue Analytics Pricing Analytics Charge Capture Analytics CDM Support Disproportionate Share Analytics Contract and legal process support Applied Revenue Analytics 92 Fast Forward Market and price monitoring Integrate CRM tools and continuous feedback tools Design price packages based on customer wants and align to value Integrate organizational goals into pricing approaches as a component of marketing strategy Develop communication templates to tell the price story Customer service training to support consumer driven healthcare Tools and templates to tell the other side of the price story (example, economic impact studies that show economic value of hospital in community) Applied Revenue Analytics 93 Anthony Cirillo 1-704-992-6005 anthony@4wardfast.com www.4wardfast.com Jeff Tarte 1-704-892-4300 jtarte@apprev.com Applied Revenue Analytics