Bell Ringer
What is Chemistry?
How does affect
your life?
Matter
What is Matter?
Matter is anything that:
Has mass
&
Takes up space
Matter
Different materials 
different properties
different materials
have different
compositions (i.e.
different stuff)
Clothing labels
no cleaning process works for all
materials.
Matter
Matter is divided into 2 categories:
Matter
Pure Substances 
Matter that always has exactly the same
composition.
Every sample has the same properties
Examples: Table salt and table sugar
Two categories of pure substances:
• Elements
• Compounds.
Matter
Elements
(First Category of Pure Substances)
Cannot be broken down into simpler
substances.
Fixed composition
Contains only one type of atom.
The atoms of each element are unique.
Elements
Examples of Elements you may have
heard of:
Aluminum - Most soft drink cans made from
it.
Carbon - main element in pencil marks.
Oxygen and Nitrogen - main gases in the
air.
Bromine and Mercury - two elements that
are liquids at room temperature
(Most elements are solids at room temperature.)
Elements
Symbols for Elements
Chemical symbols have one or two letters
First letter is always CAPITALIZED
If there is a second letter, it is lower case
•C represents carbon.
•Al represents aluminum.
•Au represents gold.
(The Latin name for gold is aurum)
Elements
Symbols for Elements are universal
Even when the names are different in different
languages
N is the symbol for the element we
(American English speakers) call nitrogen:
French word is azote
German word is stickstoff
Spanish word is nitrógeno in Mexico.
Elements
Pictures of pure elements you might
encounter
(most elements are not found in pure form)
Gold
Aluminum
Carbon
Iodine
Compounds
(Second Category of Pure Substances)
Compound is:
•Made from two or more simpler substances
•Can be chemically broken down into those simpler
substances.
A compound contains two or
more elements joined in a
fixed proportion.
Compounds
Properties of a compound are different
from those of the substances from which
it is made.
Example: Water – composed of H and O.
• Oxygen and hydrogen are gases at room
temperature
•Water is a liquid at room temp.
• Hydrogen can fuel a fire
• Oxygen can keep a fire burning
•Water does not burn
Compounds
Another Example:
Sodium Chloride, composed of Na and
Cl. (common table salt)
• Sodium and Chlorine are highly
reactive, toxic (poisonous)
materials.
•Sodium Chloride is necessary for
life
Matter
Mixtures
If you make salsa, a recipe can guide you. You
can use exactly the amounts in the recipe, or
you can adjust the ingredients to your own
taste. Salsa is a mixture. Each
batch may be slightly different.
Mixtures
Composition of a mixture is not fixed.
The properties of a mixture are less constant than
the properties of a substance.
The properties of a mixture can vary
May vary in different parts of the mixture.
May vary when made at different times.
Some properties of the individual substances
may be retained.
Two Types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Mixture substances are noticeably
different from one another.
Homogeneous
Substances are so evenly distributed that it is
difficult to distinguish one substance from
another.
Two Types of Mixtures
Mixtures - Heterogeneous Example
The sand is a
heterogeneous
mixture of different
kinds of grains. The
spoon is stainless
steel, a
homogeneous
mixture of iron,
chromium, and
nickel.
Solutions, Suspensions, and
Colloids
Mixtures are classified based on size of
largest particles
a solution (homogeneous)
a suspension (heterogeneous)
a colloid (it depends!)
• The size of the particles in a mixture has
an effect on the properties of the mixture.
Mixtures
Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids
Solution
Dissolves
(tiniest particles are thoroughly mixed together)
Homogeneous mixture
Solute – the substance that is dissolved.
Solvent – the substance that does the
dissolving.
Example: Lemonade
The sugar and lemon juice are solutes
The water is the solvent
Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids
Solubility = substances’ ability to
dissolve.
Soluble means it will dissolve.
Example, Salt is soluble in water.
Insoluble means it will NOT
dissolve.
Example, Oil is insoluble in water.
Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids
Suspension
Heterogeneous mixture
Separates into layers over time.
Example: muddy river water
Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids
Colloids
Particles’ size between the small particles in
a solution and the larger particles in a
suspension.
Particles are mixed together, but not dissolved.
Won’t separate into layers (same as a solution)
Cannot separate parts with filter
Often appears Cloudy.
Examples: Fog, Smoke,
Foam, Latex paint
Alloys
Metal Solutions
Solids that are dissolved in solids.
Examples:
Gold Jewelry: solid solution of gold & copper
Brass: copper and zinc solid solution
Sterling Silver – contains small amounts of
copper in solution with silver
Stainless Steel: alloy of chromium and iron
Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids
These liquids represent three categories of
mixtures:
• Windshield wiper fluid is a solution.
• Muddy water collected from a swamp is
a suspension.
• Milk is a colloid.
Mixtures