SH 318- The Speech & Hearing
Mechanism
Instructor: Dr. Bridget Russell
Time: 12:30-1:50
Room: McEwen G26
Expectations!!
*Science?
*Speech Pathology?
*Anatomy & Physiology?
Student’s Perspective
Your expectations
Interests
Learning
Information
Future goals
Fears
Background
My Expectations!?!
Function
Basic Skills
Process
Structure
Therapy
Resources
Diagnosis
Syllabus
• Everything you need to know and more!!
• Guide for the semester
• Read carefully
• Course requirements
• Office hours
• Lab schedule
• Exam schedule
Text Information
• REQUIRED :
• Functional Anatomy of Speech, Language &
Hearing. Perkins & Kent
• Other texts on Reserve
What will be covered?
• Respiratory System
• Laryngeal System
• Supraglottal System
• Hearing System
Exams
• Three exams
• 25% each
• Third exam (NOT cumulative)
• Concepts are integrated!
• Multiple Guess & T/F
• Final on exam week?
Research Articles
•
•
•
•
•
•
3 topic areas
Due dates on syllabi
3 articles in each area
Read and outline the article on the back
3 ring binder
15% of grade
Speech Science Lab
• Lab group assignments (Good times? Nov 13, 15,
27)
• Compile group report of measurements
• 10% of Grade
• Aerophone, CSL, Visipitch, Spirometer
Services & Help
• Lectures- Internet
• Learning Center
• Labs
• Medical dictionary
• Other resources (articles, texts)
• Office hours & course policies
• TA- Questions & tutoring
The Speech Process
Nervous System
Respiratory System
Auditory
System
Articulatory
System
Phonatory System
The Circle
• Nervous System
– Encodes ideas
– Control of speech muscles
• Respiratory System
– Generation of air pressure
– Drives the sound generator
• Phonatory System (Laryngeal)
– Muscles of the larynx
– Vibratory energy
The Circle
• Articulatory System (Supralaryngeal)
– Muscles of the vocal tract
– Expends vibratory energy
• Auditory System
– Ear, Muscles, Bones
– Transforms the acoustic waves of speech
General Terms
• Anatomy: The study of the structure of an
organism
• Physiology: The study of the function of the
living organism and its parts as well as the
chemical processes involved
• Related fields: Cytology, Histology, Osteology,
Myology, arthrology, neurology
Building Blocks of Anatomy: Tissue
• Cells & Tissues:
– 100 trillion cells
1) Function:
– ingestion of nutrients
– breakdown & utilization of nutrients; metabolic,
discharge of wastes
– Four Basic Types of Tissue:
• epithelium
• connective tissue
• nerve
• muscle
Tissue
• Epithelium
– Sheets of cells covering external surfaces of
the body & line cavities
– Cells; little intracellular substance, adhere,
avascular
– Function: Protection & Absorption
– Glandular, myepithelium, neuroepithelium
Tissue
• Epithelium (cont.)
– Classified by cell layers:
• simple epithelium
• stratified
– Classified by shape:
• squamous
• cubodial
• columnar
Tissue
• Connective
– Types: Connective tissue proper, cartilage
& bone
1) Connective tissue proper:
• few living cells
• nonliving intracellular material
• 3 types of tissue: collagen, elastic, reticular
• Loose
• Dense (irregular, regular: tendons, ligaments)
A. Loose (3)
A. Collagen Fibers
A. Reticular
Fibers
A. Elastic Fibers
B. Dense Irregular
Connective
Tissue
Connective Tissue
C. Dense Regular
Connective
Tissue
Tissue
• Connective Tissue Proper (cont.)
– Tendon: regular connective tissue; attach muscle to
bone
– Ligaments: regular connective tissue; connects bones
and cartilage's
2) Cartilage:
– rigid consistency, flexibility, slight elasticity
– form resistant to pressure (unlike CTP)
– composed of matrix (cytoplasm)
– 3 types: Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous
Cartilage
Fibrous
Hyaline
Elastic