How would you classify the
things found in a closet or a
garage or a classroom?
 Must be ½ page
 Name and Date!!
Let’s Have Some Order Around Here!
TAXONOMY – the
classifying of
organisms and
assigning each a
name.
…NOT to be confused
with this…
Why Classify?
TAXONOMY – the classifying
of organisms and assigning
each a name.
 In order to name and group organisms in a logical
manner
It is a
cougar.
**It’s a
kitty!!!**
Puma concolor
Who decided? And How?
Grouped based on where they live?
Based on what their reproductive organs look like
(plants)?
Should it be a long name?
Should it be a Latin name?
WILD BRIAR ROSE
Rosa sylvestris inodora seu canina
Rosa sylvestris alba cum rubore, folio glabro......
We needed a hero…
• Binomial
Nomenclature- two
word naming
system, the genus
and species
• Always typed in
italics
• Underlined when
written
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html
The biologists around the world now accept
this binomial (two names) system of scientific
names!
Rosa
canina
Rosa
canina
Rosa
canina
Ursus maritimus
Ursus arctos
When written or typed the
Genus is always Capitalized
and the species is not
LINNEAUS’ CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
 Kingdom
 Kids
 Phylum
 Playing
 Class
 Catch
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
 On
 Freeways
 Go
 Splat
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Red fox
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
Abert
squirrel
Coral snake
Sea star
Domains- the three largest
groups of living organisms
PROKARYOTES
thought to be one group
BUT BIG Difference in
these domains
 Eukarya
 Archaea
 Bacteria
All three of these have
cells with very different
characteristics.
What puts an organism in its domain are the
CHARACTERISTICS of its CELLS.
3 Domain System
Domains
Still kept the 6 Kingdom
System…
 Animalia
 Plantae
 Fungi
 Protista
 Archaebacteria
 Eubacteria
BIGGEST
KINGDOM =
Most diverse
and has most
organisms in it
Kingdoms and Domains
Classification of Living Things
DOMAIN
Bacteria
Archaea
KINGDOM
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Cell walls with
peptidoglycan
Cell walls
without
peptidoglycan
Cell walls of
cellulose in
some; some
have
chloroplasts
Cell walls of
chitin
Cell walls of
cellulose;
chloroplasts
No cell walls
or chloroplasts
Unicellular
Unicellular
Most unicellular;
some colonial;
some
multicellular
Most
multicellular;
some
unicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
MODE OF
NUTRITION
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
EXAMPLES
Streptococcus,
Escherichia coli
Methanogens,
halophiles
Amoeba,
Paramecium,
slime molds,
giant kelp
Mushrooms,
yeasts
Mosses, ferns,
flowering
plants
Sponges,
worms,
insects, fishes,
mammals
CELL TYPE
CELL
STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF
CELLS
Now Biologists classify KINGDOMS under their appropriate
DOMAIN based on characteristics of the CELLS they are made
up of. HINT: THIS IS ON PAGE 459.
Dichotomous Key
 A tool for biologists to classify and name organisms.
 A series of paired statements that describe
characteristics of different organisms.
 Used by ecologists to track the population size and
diversity of an ecosystem.
 Environmental scientists can use this data to analyze
the health of the ecosystems in the area.
Using a Dichotomous Key
 Study the paired statements of the leaf dichotomous
key.
 Label each leaf with a partner using the dichotomous
key.
Try it on your own…
•
•
Look at the list of paired statements in the
salamander dichotomous key.
Use the key to fill out data table 1 and answer
the questions. When you are done hand it in.
Constructing a dichotomous key
Bellwort
Arrowhead
May Apple
Clover
Trillium
Violet
CHALLENGE: