Yeemoo Chai
1/17/14
Organic chemistry
Organic: if a substance has carbon in it, it's organic.
Alkanes: Contains the most hydrogen atoms possible. Contains only single covalent bonds.
Saturated. Formula:CnH2n+2
Alkenes: Contains at least one double covalent bond. Un-saturated since it contains double
bonds. Formula: CnH2n
Alkynes: Contains at least one triple bond. Un-saturated. Formula CnH2n-2
The number of carbons is determines the name of the compound as well:
Number of Carbons
Prefix
1
Meth2
Eth3
Prop4
But5
Pent6
Hex7
Hept8
Oct9
Non10
DecFunctional groups: Group of atoms that are responsible for certain characteristics of organic
compounds.
Alcohol: R-OH
Ether: R-O-R
Aldehyde: Should appear as CHO
Ketone: Appears as R'-CO-R
Carboxylic acid: Should appear as COOH
Ester: C-OOR'. Not to be confused with Esther
Amine: R3N. Other than Amino or Nitro, which we'll be seen later, any functional group with
Nitrogen is an Amine.
Akyl groups: These functional groups branch off of the main chain of carbons
Methyl: -Ch3
Ethyl: CH2-CH3
n-propyl: -CH2-CH2-CH3
n-Butyl: -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Isopropyl:
t-Butyl:
Names of Common Substituent groups
Amino: NH2
Fluoro: -F
Chloro: -Cl
Bromo: -Br
Iodo: -I
Nitro: -NO2
Vinyl: -CH=CH2
Naming Organic compounds: The prefix should equal the number of carbons, and the ending
should be based on the kinds of bonds in the compound (alkane, alkyne, alkene). Provide the
carbon number for subsistent and double/triple bonds. Use commas between numbers and
dashes between words and numbers. DO NOT LEAVE SPACES IN THE NAME. If you leave
spaces in the name, Albert Einstein will find pictures of your dead grandma and burn it to
ashes.
Determine the names of these compounds based on their formulas.
1. C1H2
2. C4H6
3.C5H12
4. C8H18
5. C10H18
6. C7H14
Name the following compounds
7.
8.
Determine what functional group is in the following compounds.
9.
10.
quick answer sheet.
1. Methene
2. Butyne
3. Pentane
4. Octane
5.Decyne
6. Heptene
7. 2,3-Dimethylpentane
8. 2-methyl-2-pentane
9. Alcohol
10. Carboxylic acid