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PAP Meiosis Test Review
1. When are chromosomes duplicated during the cell cycle? Interphase, specifically S
Phase
2. What is a sister chromatid and what holds them together? Contain identical DNA
sequences and are held together by a centromere
3. What would happen if meiosis did not occur? Sexual reproduction would not work
because chromosome number would double with each generation
4. What is the benefit of sexual reproduction? Allows for more genetic variation or
diversity and recombination of genes
5. What is a somatic cell? Is it diploid or haploid? A somatic cell is a body cell and it is
diploid.
6. When does synapsis occur? Prophase I
7. When homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis, what is formed? A Tetrad
8. When does crossing over occur? Prophase I
9. What is a zygote? Is it diploid or haploid? A fertilized egg and it is diploid
10. How many tetrads are observed in prophase 1? 23
11. If a cell has a diploid number of 78, how many chromosomes will there be in the gametes
of the organism? 39
12. What is a chiasmata? The site of crossing over between non-sister chromatids in
prophase I
13. When do sister centromeres separate in meiosis? Anaphase II
14. What occurs in prophase II? Same as prophase in Mitosis. Chromosomes condense,
spindle fibers form, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear.
15. What are the sources of genetic variation in meiosis? Crossing Over and Independent
Assortment
16. What occurs in meiosis I? Synapsis of homologous chromosomes to form tetrads,
crossing over, separation of homologous chromosomes
17. What is oogenesis? The formation of female gametes
18. What does meiosis produce? 4 Gametes (sperm or egg cells) that are haploid and
genetically unique or different from the parent cell.
19. What is the correct sequence of formation and development of an embryo?
meiosisfertilizationmitosis
20. Meiosis produces 4 sex (reproductive) cells that are haploid and genetically unique.
21. Draw a picture of crossing over.
22. What type of cells are not produced by meiosis? Somatic cells (body cells) ***keep in
mind this is all body cells, such as skin cells, muscle cells, liver cells, etc.***
23. How does a gamete reach a diploid state? Fertilization
24. In a cell containing 2 chromosomes, how many allele combinations can be formed?
(remember 2n) 4
25. A mutation can only be passed on to offspring when the mutation occurs in a? The
mutation must occur in a gamete in order for it to be passed on to offspring.