Jeffersonian America
(1800-1816)
Chapter 9
“Revolution of 1800”—Election of
Thomas Jefferson
1.
2.
3.
4.
Disagreements about war with France
Alien & Sedition Acts
Increasing debts
Federalists were swept from the
presidency & Congress.
5. Jefferson became 3rd presidency
6. Non-violent transfer of power from the
Federalists to Democratic-Republicans
I. Louisiana Purchase
1. Contradicted his “strict constructionist”
views.
2. 1802-Spanish revoked the right of
deposit in New Orleans
3. Jefferson negotiates w/Napoleon
4. French offer Louisiana Territory $15
million.
Louisiana Purchase (cont’d)
Louisiana Purchase (cont’d)
5. Jefferson: “What about’strict
constructionism’”?
6. If we didn’t buy it another country would!
7. Republican-held Congress quickly
approved the purchase.
II. Lewis & Clark Expedition
1. Purchase doubles the U.S.
2. FR & SP removed as threats.
3. All water route connecting the Missouri
River with the Pacific Ocean?
4. Meriwether Lewis & William Clark
5. 1804 St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean
6. 1806 They return; w/ detailed accounts
III. The Marshall Court
1. Judiciary Act of 1801- 16 new judgeships
were created
1. “Midnight judges”
2. Jefferson was angry
1. Orders Madison, Secretary of State, not to
deliver the commissions
2. “Midnight Judge” William Marbury sued.
Marbury vs. Madison
3. Chief Justice John Marshall, Jefferson’s
cousin!
4. Marshall says Madison should have gave
the commission to Marbury.
5. Marshall declared the Judiciary Act of
1789—unconstitutional.
The Marshall Court (cont’d)
6. Creates judicial review—it could check
the powers of the leg. and ex. branches.
7. Jefferson wants to remove all remaining
Federalists from the judicial branch
8. Impeaches some judges, but
unsuccessful at removing them
IV. Jefferson’s Challenges
1. TJ re-elected 1804
2. 180412th Amendment: Electoral
College will specify which vote was being
cast for Pres. & which was for VP.
3. Aaron Burr
4. Essex Junto: Radical Federalists; wanted
for a New England secession from the
Union.
Jefferson’s Challenges (cont’d)
4. Burr vs. Hamilton duel
1. Burr mortally wounds Hamilton
2. Murder charges dropped
5. 1806 Burr Conspiracy
1. Create a new country-->get Mex. from
Spain, unite it with Louisiana Territory.
2. Burr aquitted
V. Troubles Abroad
1. Barbary Pirates: continued to seize U.S.
ships
2. Pres. Wash. & Adams had paid a “fee”
3. Leader of Tripoli demanded more
4. Jefferson refused to pay any “fees”
5. Tripolitan Wars (1801-1805)
1. U.S. Navy slowed the pirates down
2. Gained U.S. credibility overseas
Napoleonic War
6. British & French blocked each other’s
ports
7. Orders of Council: Closed all ports under
French control; any U.S. ship had to go
through Britain, or be confiscated
8. 1807 Milan Decree: Seize any ship that
1st stopped in Britain
Chesapeake Affair
9. 1807 British ship Leopard sank U.S. ship
Chesapeake; killing 4; impressing 4
10. Jefferson used diplomacy
11. Embargo Act 1807
1. Prohibit U.S ships from anchoring at any
foreign port
2. Plan to ruin Britain and France’s
economybut ended up ruing the U.S.!!
12. Repealed the Embargo Act 1809
VI. Madison Plagued by European
Affairs
1.
2.
3.
4.
1808—Madison becomes President
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
Expired 1 yr. from its enactment
Allowed U.S. trade with foreign nations
except Britain and France
5. 1810: Macon’s Bill Number 2
6. Lift trade restrictions w/ Britain & France
7. Only if they recognize U.S. neutrality!
8. Britain & France continued impressment
& seizure of U.S. ships--pushing the
U.S. to the brink of war
VII. “Mr. Madison’s War”—The War
of 1812
1. Nationalism heightened
2. “War Hawks” like Henry Clay & John C.
Calhoun
3. Eliminate British troubles at sea
4. Eliminate the threat of British armed
Indians
“Mr. Madison’s War”—The War of
1812 (cont’d)
5. Battle of Tippecanoe
6. Prior to War of 1812, Gen. William Henry
Harrison; wanted to break up the
Shawnee brothers:
7. Tecumseh and the Prophet
8. Defeated The Indians; moved to conquer
Canada
“Mr. Madison’s War”—The War of
1812 (cont’d)
9. June 1812, Congress declared war
10. Britain repealed the orders in council
11. Few Americans & congressmen in favor
of “Mr. Madison’s War”
12. “Second war of Independence”
“Mr. Madison’s War”—The War of
1812 (cont’d)
13. Small, disappointing war for the U.S.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Unprepared
Economy devastated
Poorly equipped
Under trained
Small standing army
“Mosquito Fleet”—small U.S. navy
U.S. invasion of Canada a debacle
“Mr. Madison’s War”—The War of
1812 (cont’d)
14. August 14, Washington D.C. burned to
the ground!
15. Francis Scott Key-”Star Spangled
Banner”
16. Gen. Andrew Jackson—led southern
troops
17. Battle of New Orleans—impressive
victory for the U.S……
18. The war was already over!!
VIII. Treaty of Ghent
1. Dec. 24, 1814
2. Ended fighting
3. Return of any conquered territories to
their rightful owner
4. Settlement of a boundary between the
U.S. & Canada that had been set before
the war
5. Ended in a drawnobody gained
6. Allowed for manufacturing
7. U.S. became more independent from
Europe
8. Start of a U.S. industrial revolution
IX. Ideology Divides the U.S.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Federalists vs. Republicans
New England vs. rest of the nation
Hartford Convention
Discuss:
1. Fed. Gov. to pay for the loss of trade
2. Amending the Const. for a one-term limit for
the pres.
3. 2/3 vote for: an embargo; declaration of war;
admission of new states; end of the 3/5
compromise
4. Aimed at Republicans
5. Jackson’s victory & the signing of the Treaty
of Ghent drowned them out
6. Federalists were labeled “unpatriotic”
7. “Nail in the coffin” for the Federalist party
8. Routed by Rep. James Monroe in the 1816
Presidential election.