ROOT WORDS
Cardiovascular and Respiratory
System
Heather Wipijewski CVT ALAT
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CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
Function – Deliver
oxygen, nutrients and
hormones to various
body tissues and
transports waste
porducts to the
appropriate waste
removal systems.
Sometimes called the
circulatory system.
http://www.ovc.uoguelph.ca/ClinStudies/courses/public/cardiology/Imag
es/Heart_labelled_large2.jpg
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Heart – cardi/o
Provides the power to move blood through the body.
 Located inside the thoracic cavity – chest cavity
 Lies between the lungs in a cavity called the
mediastinum.
 Mediastinum also contains large blood vessels,
trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes and other
structures.
 Pericardium – Double walled membrane surrounding
the heart.
 Heart Walls
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Epicardium – external layer of the heart.
Myocardium – Middle and thickest layer of the heart –
actual heart muscle.
Endocardium – Inner layer of the heart – lines the
heart chambers and valves. Note – end/o means within.
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Heart Chambers
Heart is divided into left and right
sides. The right and left sides are
further divided into chambers.
 Mammalian and avian hearts have
4 chambers.
 Reptile hearts have 3 chambers.
 Atrium/Atria – atri/o
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All vessels coming into the heart
enter here.
Craniodorsal chambers of the
heart
Ventricles – ventricul/o
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Caudoventral chambers of the
heart.
Pumping chambers of the heart
and all vessels leaving the heart
leave via the ventricles.
Atria
Ventricles
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Heart Sounds
Auscultation using a stethescope.
 Hear a “lubb/dubb” sound.
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– Lubb = first sound heard. Caused by closure of the AV valves
(atrioventrical valves)
– Dubb = second sound heard. Caused by closure of the
semilunar valves.
Systole (ventricular contraction) – occurs between
the first and second heart sounds.
 Diastole (ventricular relaxation) – occurs between
the second and first heart sounds.
 Murmur – Abnormal sound associated with the turbulent
flow of blood. May be caused by a leak in a valve.
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VESSELS
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Three major types
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Vessel – angi/o vas/o
Artery – arteri/o
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Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
Usually is oxygenated and bright red
Vein – ven/o phleb/o
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Arteries, veins and capillaries
Return blood to heart.
Thinner walls and less elastic than arteries.
Have valves to permit blood flow toward the heart and prevent
blood from flowing away.
Capillaries
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Single-cell-thick vessels that connect arterial and venous systems.
Blood flow is slower through capillaries than arteries or veins.
– CRT – Capillary Refill Time – tells us perfusion (or flow through
tissues).
http://www.montana.edu/wwwai/imsd/diabetes/
VESSEL.GIF
http://www.peteducation.com/image
s/articles/9916dog_crt.jpg
http://www.unm.edu/~jimmy/vessel
s.jpg
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Function –
Brings oxygen
from the air
into the body
for delivery via
the blood to
the cells.
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Upper Respiratory System
Nose – rhin/o
 Sinus (air filled or fluid filled space…provide mucus,
make bone lighter and help produce sound) – sinus/o
 Pharynx (throat) – pharyng/o
 Larynx (voice box) – laryng/o
 Glottis – (vocal apparatus) – glott/o’
 Epiglottis – (acts as a lid – covers the larynx during
swallowing) – epiglott/o
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Lower Respiratory System
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Trachea (windpipe) - trache/o
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Has C shape cartinlaginous rings.
Bronchi (bottom of the trachea) – bronch/o
 Alveoli (air sacs in which most of the gas exchange
occurs) – alveol/o
 Thorax (Cavity contained within the ribs) – thorac/o and
–thorax
 Ribs – cost/o
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Intercostal – between the ribs
Lungs (main organ of respiration) pneum/o pneumon/o
and pneu all mean lungs or air. Pulm/o and pulmon/o
mean lung.
 Pleura (membranous sac which encases the lungs) –
pleur/o
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Diaphram (muscle and contraction of the diaphram
causes air pressure in the lungs to drop below
atmospheric pressure. This produces a vacuum in the
thoracic cavity to draw in air) diaphragmat/o phren/o
Breathing
Inhalation – Drawing in of breath
 Exhalation – Release of breath
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Spir/o – breath or breathing
-pnea – breathing
Apnea – Absence of breathing
 Dyspnea – Difficult or labored breathing
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWLwChiJSj4
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