The Era of Good
Feelings to the
Jacksonian Era 18141840
Students will explain how the
economic development of the
North and South will lead to a
division of the United States
Era of Good Feelings

President James Monroe- his presidency
will be defined by three ideas
1. Purchase of Florida
2. Monroe Doctrine
3. Missouri Compromise
Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution- is the change from slow
hand made expensive goods, to cheaper faster
machine made products
1. Large Scale Factories Develop
2. Mass Production- the production of goods in
large quantities
3. First to Begin- Great Britain who tries to
keep its secret from the world
4. First Begins in America- New England in the
area of clothing production
Eli Whitney Changes the
South and America Forever
Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts
Impact of the Cotton Gin- This allowed slavery in
the south to become economically viable. Before
the Cotton Gin it was becoming too expensive to
maintain the slave system
Two Different Economies


Factory Kingdommanufacturing
becomes the
backbone of the North
because soil is poor
making farms small


Slavery- not widely
needed and is
abolished by 1804.

King Cotton- with the
invention of the Cotton Gin,
cotton explodes and becomes
huge and profitable
Demand- The North needs
cotton for its factories; Great
Britain needs cotton for its
factories
Slavery- the rise in slavery
directly reflects the rise in
cotton production
Henry Clay’s American System

American System- designed to promote the nation’s
economic growth
1. Protective Tariffs- would promote American
manufacturing.
2. The Second National Bank- provides a national currency
3. Transportation Improvements- building of roads and
canals to link the country together and promote growth
a. Erie Canal and National Roads built to link the
country.
Monroe Doctrine


Monroe Doctrine- it stated clearly that
Europe was to not interfere
(colonization/empires) in the areas of North
and South America and in return we would
not bother Europe
Adams-Onis Treaty- U.S. purchases
Florida from Spain
Missouri Compromise

The issue- since the late 1790’s when states entered the Union there
was always a balance between Northern and Southern states
1. Slavery- Even though the North had more
representatives the South was equal in the Senate and
could block any anti-slavery laws
2. New States- Missouri was the 1st state to apply from
the Louisiana Purchase, both groups wanted this area to go
with their cause, tip the balance of power
3. Tallmadge Amendment- introduced by a
representative of N.Y. it would have gradually eliminated
slavery in the state- southerners pissed seeing it as the 1st
step to eliminating slavery
Missouri Compromise
cont’d….
Henry Clay’s Missouri Compromise1. Missouri admitted as a slaveholding state
2. Maine admitted as a free state
3. Slavery prohibited north of 36 30’ in the Louisiana
Territory
Aftermath- saved the Union for 30 years but never
answered the problem of slavery, because of this violence
will be the only answer to the question.
Election of
1824
•
Four National Republicans
Candidates campaigned- John
Quincy Adams, Henry Clay,
Andrew Jackson, and William
Crawford.
•
Jackson won the most popular
votes, but did not get the
majority of the electoral college
votes.
•
The House of Representatives
had to choose between the top
three candidates.
Election of 1824 Cont’d…
•
Adams wins- Henry Clay uses his influence
to get Adams elected President.
•
Corrupt Bargain- Clay appointed Secretary
of State by Adams- Jacksonians call this a
“corrupt bargain”
Election of 1828
•
Adams vs. Jackson
•
Common Man- Jackson refers to
himself as the common man vs.
Adams northern elitist ways. Easily
wins
•
Mudslinging- this is the first
presidential race in which the
parties use rumors and lies to attack
each other
•
The universal manhood
suffrage- all white males are
given the right to vote for the first
time in America by 1826
Andrew Jackson “Old Hickory” &
“King Andrew”

The first president- from the West and the second without a college
education.

“Kitchen Cabinet”- close friends of Jackson who help make decisions
about America, the cabinet has no power

Simple political ideas

Man of the people

Union first, states’ rights second

Traditionalist- see this as the beginning of mob rule of the United
States

Spoils System- Jackson removed any non-Democrats from
government offices and appointed loyal Democrats
Indian Removal Act 1830




The issue- White settlers wanted “prime” Native American lands,
Jackson supported removing them to allow settlers to claim their lands
The Act- For $5 million and land in the West, Native Americans are
forced by Jackson to give up their traditional homelands, most sent to
Oklahoma.
Worcester vs. Georgia- Supreme Court rules that Georgia has no
power within Cherokee lands. “Marshall made the decision, now let him
enforce it”- Andrew Jackson
Trail of Tears- In 1838 The U.S. Army forces 15,000 Cherokees to
leave Georgia and walk to Oklahoma. Along the way they are robbed by
the Army and criminals, there to escort them but not protect them. Over
4,000 die on this journey
Nullification Crisis

The issue- Britain floods the U.S. with cheap goods, U.S.
raises tariff- V.P. John Calhoun calls it the Tariff of
Abominations 1828
-Says the North prospers at the expense of the South
(Cotton was cheap)
Nullification Theory- idea created by Calhoun it states
three ideas
1. States had a right to decide to obey federal laws or
declare them unconstitutional
2. Constitution is a compact between the states and
Federal government
3. States have the right to secede from the Union if
they are denied nullification
Webster – Hayne debate



Famous debate that lasted nine days in
1830.
Webster argued that no state had the
authority to nullify of leave the Union.
Hayne condemned the Tariff of 1828 and
championed states’ rights and the south
Nullification Cont’d…
South Carolina- their legislature declares the
Tariffs unconstitutional and threatens to secede
from the Union if the tariffs are not overturned
Force Bill- Jackson get Congress to approve the
use of the Army and Navy against South Carolina
and tells them nullification and secession are
treason
Compromise- Henry Clay gets everyone to agree
to reduce the tariff over the next 10 years- eases
tension
The Bank Wars




Clay & Webster- they bring up re-upping the National
Bank to get Jackson to veto it and have him lose support
for the election of 1832.
Biddle and U.S. Bank- He is the director of the bank and
very arrogant. Jackson accuses the bank of helping only the
rich and it was unconstitutional. He veto’s its extension
Election 1832- Jackson wins easily and the “common
man” agrees with him that the Bank only helps the rich and
is corrupt
Pet Banks- Jackson pulls Federal money out of the U.S.
Bank and transfers them to friendly state “pet” banks. This
will lead to a collapse of credit in America, inflation and
finally a depression in 1837
Supreme Court Boosts National
Powers

Gibbons vs. Ogden- federal government controls
interstate commerce

McCulloch v. Maryland- state cannot overturn laws
passed by Congress
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward- state cannot
interfere with contracts
The Legacy of the Jacksonian
Democracy
Nominating Conventions- In the 1830s, caucuses
were replaced by nominating conventions in which
party politicians and voters would gather to
nominate the party’s candidates.


Popular Election- In the Election of 1832, only
South Carolina used the old system by which
presidential electors were chosen by the state
legislature.
Campaigning- Presidential candidates now had to
conduct national campaigns. Large political parties
were needed to organize them.
Jacksonian Legacy
Cont’d…
Third Parties- In addition to the two large national parties (at
this time, they were the Democrats and the Whigs), smaller
political parties developed (i.e. the Anti-Masons and the
Workingmen’s party.) The Federalist party dies out after
losing several elections.
State and Local- A larger number of state and local officials
were elected rather appointed.