States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
•
•
•
•
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Solid
A fixed, closely packed arrangement of particles
causes a solid to have a definite shape and
volume
Types of Solids
• Solids that are made
up of crystals are
called crystalline
solids
• In amorphous
solids, the particles
are not arranged in
a regular pattern
Crystalline Solids
Amorphous Solids
Liquid
Because its particles are free to move, a liquid
has no definite shape. However, it does have a
definite volume.
Fluid
Any substance that can flow
Air flows over the
wings of an
airplane
Water flows when
poured into a flask
Properties of Liquids
Surface Tension: An inward pull among
molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules
on the surfaces closer together
Homework
Get a paper clip to float on water and take a
“Selfie” with it. If you need help refer to your
book, Properties of Liquids on pg 46
Viscosity
• A liquids resistance to flow
• High Viscosity = Flows Slowly
Low-------------------High
Gases
As they move, gas particles spread apart,
filling all the space available. Thus, a gas has
neither definite shape nor definite volume.
Gases
Key Terms
• Copy the key terms onto flashcards for this
section
• Obtain a hand mirror, clean it with a dry cloth
and describe the mirror’s surface (paragraph
pointing out physical properties of the mirror)
Mirror Homework
Obtain a hand mirror, clean it with a dry cloth
and describe the mirror’s surface (paragraph
pointing out physical properties of the mirror)
Hold the mirror about 15cm away from your
face and try to breath against the mirror.
Reduce the distance until you can observe a
visible change. Describe what you see. (this
should be another paragraph)
Using the descriptions from the
mirror assignment …
• What did you observe when you breathed on
the mirror held close to your mouth
• Explain this observation
• Why did you get different results when the
mirror was a greater distance from your face?
Changes of State
Look at H2O
Ice Cream Cone
1. Increase thermal
energy
2. Particle movement
increases
3. Break free of fixed
position
4. Ice cream melts
Solid to Liquid
• The change of state from solid to a liquid is
called melting
• In most pure substances melting occurs at a
certain temperature called the melting point
0°C / 32 °F

Liquid to Solid
• The change of state from a liquid to a solid is
called freezing
• At freezing temperature, the particles are
moving so slow that they begin to form
regular patterns
0°C / 32 °F

How to make Ice
• Water loses energy to
the cold air in the freezer
• Particles slow down do
to lose of energy
• Particles form a regular
pattern at 0°C
• Temperature remains at
0°C until freezing is
complete
Liquid to Gas
Vaporization happens when the particles in a
liquid gain enough energy to form a gas
2 types: Evaporation and Boiling
Evaporation
• Takes place only on the surface of a liquid
• Gains energy from sources like…
– Ground
– Air
– Sun
• This added energy allows for surface particles
to escape as a gas
Boiling
• Takes place at surface and below the surface
– This is why you see bubbles!
• Temperature at which a substance boils is call
the boiling point
• Boiling point is directly related to air pressure
Boiling and Air Pressure
There is no air pressure in space, it is a
vacuum. What happens to the liquids in your
body when you are in space without a space
suit?
Gas to Liquid
• The opposite of vaporization is Condensation
• The particles in a gas lose thermal energy to
form a liquid
 That white stuff is
liquid water!! You
can not see water
vapor
Solid to Gas
• Sublimation occurs when the surface particles
of a solid gain enough energy to become a gas
The “fog” is water
(H2O)
The solid is Carbon
Dioxide (CO2)
Analyzing Data
• Complete the analyzing data box on page 52.
• Copy the questions and the answers
• Copy the key terms on flash cards from this
section
Gas Behavior