Ch. 3 Part 3
Cell Organelles
Cell Theory
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in living things.
Important Scientists
• Van Leeuwenhoek
– 1st microscope to view cells
• Hooke
– First named cells – tiny chambers
• Schleiden
– First to study plant cells
• Schwann
– First to study animal cells
• Virchow
– Said cells come from other cells
Cell Organelles
•
•
•
•
“organs of the cell”
Specific structure
Specific function
Highly organized
Cell Membrane
• Cell membrane
– Outer boundary of cell
– FUNCTION
• Regulation of what goes in and out of a cell
• Separates ICF from ECF
Cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm
– Between membrane and nucleus
– FUNCTION
• Contains cell’s organelles
Nucleus
• Nucleus
– Center of the cell
– FUNCTION
• Holds DNA
• Control center
– 3 parts
• Nuclear envelope – surrounds
nucleus
• Nucleolus – where ribosomes
are made
• Chromosomes – hold DNA
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria
– Cell powerhouse
– FUNCTION
• Cellular
respiration –
changes
chemical energy
into ATP
• Makes energy!
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes
– Free or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
– FUNCTION
• Make proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
– Rough with ribosomes
– Smooth without
ribosomes
– FUNCTION
• Transports materials
through the inside of
the cell
• Manufactures and
ships proteins
• site of chemical
reactions
Golgi Apparatus
• Golgi apparatus
– FUNCTION
• Modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes
– Contain enzymes for digestion
– Suicide sacs
– sometimes peroxisomes
– FUNCTION
• Clean up crew
Cytoskeleton
• Two types
– Microfilaments
– Microtubules
– Includes centrioles and cilia
– FUNCTION
• Framework – cell’s skeleton
• Support cell structure and help with cell movement
Cell Specialization
• The organelles listed are general organelles
found in the average cell
• Cells are specialized – they structure is
essential to their function
• This makes cell’s different from each other
• For example,
– Sperm cells have more mitochondria than the
average cell. Why?