1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
South Africa is about 1/3 the size of California. False
Because South Africa is located in the northern hemisphere, its climate is generally cool.
False
South Africa is the wealthiest and most highly developed country in Africa. True
Rolihlahla, Mandela’s tribal name, translates in the Xhosa language to “fierce warrior.” False
Mandela was born on a small South African military base known as Fort Hare. False
For most of its history, the minority white population ruled South Africa. True
Mandela received a good education and studied law in hopes of one day helping black South
Africans obtain equal rights. True
To avoid an arranged marriage, Mandela ran away to Johannesburg, a city referred to as
Egoli---City of Gold, by Africans. True
Townships were slums in which blacks were forced to live. True
Mandela was befriended by Walter Sisulu, a man whose cousin Mandela would later marry.
True
Walter Sisulu believed black Africans should enlist in the army and support the war effort in
hopes their loyalty would be rewarded with independence. False
Mandela’s marriage to his first wife, Evelyn Ntoko Mase, ended in divorce as a result of
Mandela’s dedication to his political activity. True
Together Mandela and Oliver Tambo opened a black law partnership in Johannesburg, the
first such business in South Africa. True
During the 1400’s and 1500’s, European colonial powers began establishing trading posts
along the coast of Africa. True
By the late 1800’s, European countries had colonized most all of Africa. True
Cape Colony was established by the Dutch as a “pit-stop” for ships traveling from Europe to
the Far East. True
Dutch settlers, referred to as the Boers, believed, in general, that God intended for whites to
be the superior race. True
During a movement known as the Great Trek, many Boers died from disease, hunger,
exhaustion, and violent confrontations with various African tribes. True
In what became known as the Battle of Blood River, the Zulus got revenge on the Boers by
killing more than 3,000 Boers without suffering one Zulu casualty. False
In 1899, the Boer War, a series of battles between the Boers and British, began, but was over
by 1902, as the Boers could not match the strength of the British Empire. True
In 1910, the Union of South Africa was declared an independent state within the British
Empire and by 1931 received complete independence. True
The National Party, an organization made up of Afrikaners, gained political power in 1948
and passed numerous laws aimed at keeping blacks and whites separate and unequal. True
Apartheid, an Afrikaans word meaning “separateness”, became the official policy of the
South African government in 1948, thereby paving the way for legalized racism. True
Black leaders established the African National Congress (ANC) in 1912 to encourage black
South Africans to set aside tribal differences and unite in the struggle against the Afrikaner
government. True
25. The ANC intended to call attention to the practice of racial segregation in South Africa and
wanted to seize power “by any means necessary.” False
26. All nonviolent meetings, protests, and demonstrations organized by the ANC led to increased
repression and police force. True
27. Because they were growing impatient, Mandela and others formed the Youth League, a more
militant wing of the ANC. True
28. Mandela believed that Africa belonged to the black people and that blacks should fight until
they “drove the white man into the sea.” False
29. Because the government failed to respond to repeated protests, the ANC launched the
Defiance Campaign, a movement that called for blacks to resist oppressive laws. True
30. The colors of the ANC were black (for the people), blue (for the sky), and red (for the blood
shed in the years of struggle for equality). False
31. The Defiance Campaign led to the questioning of apartheid by the United Nations. True
32. The Defiance Campaign failed to achieve its major goals and left most black South Africans
feeling that the struggle to end apartheid was a lost cause. False
33. The Freedom Charter, a manifesto proposed in 1953 by the ANC and others, defined the
future democratic South Africa envisioned by black South Africans. True
34. As a result of the drafting of the Freedom Charter, Mandela and others were accused of,
arrested for, and found guilty of treason. True
35. Mandela’s second wife, Winnie, whose given first name Nomzamo means “she who strives,”
was born into a wealthy family. False
36. Established in 1959 by Robert Sobukwe, the Pan African Congress differed from the ANC in
that its membership was not open to whites. True
37. Many residents of Sharpville, who responded to the call of the PAC to turn in passbooks and
be arrested, were killed by police in what became known as the Sharpville Massacre. True
38. The Sharpville Massacre, later reenacted in London as part of a protest against apartheid,
gave the world its first shocking image of South Africa under apartheid. True
39. The Sharpville Massacre reinforced the belief that blacks could achieve racial equality using
nonviolence. False
40. The Spear of the Nation, an armed wing of the ANC, was formed to violently combat the use
of force by police. True
41. After considering sabotage, guerilla warfare, and terrorism, the ANC chose open revolution
as it would likely inflict the most damage and end the conflict in the least amount of time.
False
42. Although he pled not guilty, Mandela was found guilty of “recruiting and training for the
purpose of sabotage and violent revolution,” and sentenced to life imprisonment. True
43. Speaking of the suffering Africans endured because of apartheid, Mandela said, “The whites
enjoy what may be the highest standard of living in the world, whilst Africans live in poverty
and misery.” True
44. Speaking about the pass laws, Mandela said, “There is not a day that goes by without
somebody being stabbed or assaulted…People are afraid to walk alone in the streets.” False
45. Speaking about life in the townships, Mandela said, “Housebreaking and robberies are
increasing, despite the fact that the death sentence can now be imposed for such offenses.”
True
46. Speaking about black education, Mandela said, “It is not true that enfranchisement of all will
result in racial domination.” False
47. Speaking about the decision to turn to violence, Mandela said, “We were placed in a position
in which we had either to accept a permanent state of inferiority, or to defy the government.
We chose to defy the government.” True
48. Speaking about the argument against allowing blacks to vote, Mandela said, “There are two
ways to break out of poverty…The present government has always sought to hamper
Africans in their search for education.” False
49. Speaking about the way white South Africans look at black South Africans, Mandela said,
“Whites…do not look upon {Africans} as people with families of their own.” True
50. Speaking about what Africans want, Mandela said, “Africans want a just share in the whole of
South Africa; they want security and a stake in society.” True
51. Speaking about his personal commitment, Mandela said, “It is an ideal which I hope to live
for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” True
52. Found guilty of sabotage, Mandela was sent to work in a limestone quarry on Robben Island.
True
53. While in prison on Robben Island, Mandela began writing his autobiography. True
54. Squatter camps, the result of unemployment for many black South Africans, were illegal
cities of shacks built from cardboard, plywood, and sheets of corrugated tin. True
55. Pressured by international businessmen and financial leaders, Prime Minister Vorster
provided blacks with equal opportunities in education and ownership of land. False
56. Co-founder and first president of SASO, Steve Biko theorized that oppression was a
psychological problem. True
57. Although their schools were inferior to those for whites, black students were required to go
to school. False
58. Hector Peterson was the first casualty of “The Children’s Crusade.” True
59. Educational unrest in Soweto was the result of the government’s announcement that some
high school subjects would be taught in English. False
60. The violence in Soweto gave black South Africans the courage to no longer fear violence.
True
61. For reasons including being accused of supporting the ANC, Winnie Mandela was sent to
Victor Verster Prison. False
62. In the early 1980’s, a major problem for the South African government was that they had to
convince whites that they would continue to dominate whilst trying to assure blacks and
numerous countries throughout the world that genuine changes were being made. True
63. In 1983, the parliamentary structure of the South African government was changed to allow
for equal representation among whites, coloreds, and Indians. False
64. The UDF hoped to coordinate internal opposition to apartheid and build a united democratic
South Africa. True
65. In the mid-1980’s, black South Africans were at odds with one another over tactics,
strategies, and philosophies regarding apartheid. True
66. As a result of continued violence, President Botha declared a state of emergency in July of
1985, a declaration that would be renewed every year for the next four years. True
67. Following the declaration of the state of emergency, a lot of media of censored. To censor is
to take out things thought to be objectionable. True
68. To torture captured South African police officers, black South Africans used techniques such
as the “airplane” and “refrigerator.” False
69. Desmond Tutu, the first black bishop of Johannesburg, defended the violent actions of police,
calling them “necessary actions to maintain peace and civility.” False
70. As a method of punishment for anyone suspected of working with the government,
comrades used “necklacing.” True
71. Because of the permanent state of emergency in South Africa, its economic stability was
questioned by countries throughout the world.” True
72. Many Americans pressured their government to place upon South Africa economic
sanctions. True
73. An anti-apartheid bill passed by the US Congress prohibited new investments in South
Africa, banned the import of steel, uranium, and other materials, and suspended landing
rights in the US for South African airlines. True
74. At age 64, Mandela was transferred from Robben Island to Pollsmore Maximum Security
Prison, likely because of his increasing influence among arriving prisoners. True
75. In 1988, Mandela was hospitalized with pneumonia. False
76. As a move to improve public relations, the South African government transferred Mandela
from Pollsmore to Victor Verster Prison, a three-bedroom house with a swimming pool.
True
77. F.W. deKlerk, who became president of South Africa in 1989, believed in integration, to bring
into common and equal membership in society. False
78. On February 11, 1990, at the age of 71, Mandela was released from prison. True
79. Following the release of Mandela, all of the violence ceased. False
80. At the beginning of negotiations, Mandela trusted deKlerk, but as time passed, so did the
trust. True
81. Following his release from prison, Mandela traveled to 14 countries including the US where
he met with President George H.W. Bush. True
82. As a result of his visit to 20 countries in 1990 and 1991, Mandela was able to secure
economic sanctions being placed on South Africa. True
83. Agreeing it wasn’t the right time, Mandela and deKlerk signed the Record of Understanding
to halt negotiations. False
84. Mandela and deKlerk shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for their cooperative effort in
achieving a peaceful South Africa. True
85. Through the first ever democratic election in South Africa, Nelson Mandela became the first
black president of the country. True
86. To gain the confidence of the white population, Mandela retained all white members of the
staff he inherited and attended a rugby match of the nearly all-white team. True
87. Mandela was critical of US foreign policy during the Gulf War and even befriended Saddam
Hussein. True
88. The TRC cleared Winnie Mandela of all criminal charges. False
89. Mandela served one five-year term as president of South Africa. True
90. In 1995, Mandela established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) that would
grant amnesty to anyone who willingly stepped forward and admitted the full truth of their
politically motivated crimes. True
91. Thabo Mbeki, elected president following the Mandela presidency, reached out to the US and
other countries for help in dealing with the AIDS epidemic. False
92. Mandela has described President Bush as a “threat to world peace and a danger to the
world.” True
93. Racism is the belief that certain races of people are by birth and nature superior to others.
True
94. Desegregation is defined as the ending by law the isolation of members of a particular race in
separate units. True
95. Protest is defined as a complaint, objection, or display of unwillingness or disapproval. True
96. Inkathagate was a scandal in which the government secretly supported the IFP. True
97. Pollsmore Maximum Security Prison is sometimes referred to as the “South African
Alcatraz.” False
98. Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi was a Zulu chief who wanted a sovereign Zulu kingdom. True
99. Mandela has established the “Mandela Children’s Fund,” an organization that works to
provide education and health care to millions of poor South African children. True
100. Today, South Africa is a country free of racism. False