DO NOW
1) Identify the stage of the water cycle represented in the picture below
Groundwater, Condensation, Precipitation, Runoff, Evaporation
A__________________________________
B__________________________________
C__________________________________
D__________________________________
E________________________________
2) What is infiltration?
3) What is transpiration?
4) Does transpiration move with gravity or against gravity?
5) If 60 units of water is evaporated in one part of the global water cycle,
what is happening elsewhere in the water cycle?
• If 60 units of water evaporate, how many
units of water must precipitate in order for
the water cycle to remain balanced?
With Gravity:
Against Gravity:
60
2
• If 500 units of water precipitate, how many units
of water must transpirate (300 from bodies of
water) in order for the water cycle to remain
balanced?
With Gravity:
Against Gravity:
60
3
OBJECTIVE:
SWBAT evaluate human influences
on freshwater availability
4
EXPLORATON:
If you dumped a cup of water on the ground
outside of Rocky River, where do you think
the water would go?
5
GROUNDWATER
Precipitation that does not
evaporate, flow into a body
of water, or get taken up by
organisms sinks down through
the soil and becomes
groundwater.
Groundwater is held in
aquifers.
GROUNDWATER
Precipitation that does not
evaporate, flow into a body
of water, or get taken up by
organisms sinks down through
the soil and becomes
groundwater.
Groundwater is held in aquifers
and in saturated zones.
Aquifer = a porous formation of rock, sand, or
gravel that holds water.
Zone of Aeration: pore spaces are partly
filled with water.
Zone of Saturation: pore spaces are
completely filled with water.
The water table: boundary between two zones
Impermeable Layer: pores are too small and water
cannot pass through
IMPERMEABLE LAYERS
Clay, granite
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1. unconfined aquifer =
can be easily recharged by
precipitation
2. confined aquifer =
between two layers of
impermeable rock
TAPPING INTO GROUND WATER
Human’s often drill wells to dig into
aquifers.
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TAPPING INTO GROUND WATER
Overuse of a well draws from the water table,
creating a cone of depression.
17
LAB
Roles
Soil Layers:
Precipitation:
Pollution:
Answer the three pre-lab questions!
18
LAB
An aquifer is an underground
source of drinking water
(groundwater). Often people
will drill wells on their
property to tap into their local
aquifers. Unfortunately, it is
easy for the water in an
aquifer to become
contaminated from pollutants.
In this lab you will create a
model of an aquifer and how
it can become polluted.
19
LAB
1) Add a ½ inch of sand to the
bottom of your cup.
2) Pour in water.
3) Flatten your Play-Doh. Add it on
top of the sand from edge to
edge.
20
LAB
21
LAB
4) Add in a layer of gravel.
5) Add in a layer of sand.
6) Now add more water!
22
LAB
23
LAB
Which of our layers are impermeable?
Is there a confined aquifer?
Draw your zone of saturation.
Draw your zone of aeration.
Draw your water table.
24
LAB
7) Add a mountain on top of your
aquifer.
8) Drop several drops of “pollution” and
water on to the mountain. What do
we call its movement?
Where does the pollution move?
25
LAB
26
LAB
9) Use your straw to drill a well.
10) Often times people drop pollution
down old, unused wells. Drop
pollution down the well.
How does this impact our aquifers?
27
LAB
28
EXIT SLIP
1) What % of Earth’s water is saltwater?
2) What % of Earth’s water is freshwater?
3) What are the underground storage areas for water called?
a. Underground lakes
b. Aquifers
c. Rivers
d. Groundwater
4) Which of the following are all stages of the water cycle?
a) Evaporation, Precipitation, Vaporization
b) Evaporation, Condensation, Respiration
c) Evaporation, Transpiration, Respiration
d) Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation
Uses of Water
A. Residential use
1.The average person in the U.S. uses
about 300 L of water each day
2.Uses include personal hygiene, cleaning,
flushing toilets, gardening/landscaping, car
washing, and recreational activities
B. Industrial use
1.About 44% of all fresh water is used by
industry
2.Uses include transporting goods, disposal
of waste, generating power, cooling
machinery, mining and refining natural
resources, manufacturing raw materials,
and producing synthetic materials
C. Agricultural use
1.The single largest user of water in the U.S.
(almost 1⁄2 of all freshwater use)
2.Irrigation – the process of bringing water to
an area for use in growing crops
Review Questions
1. Compare your daily residential use of
water to that of a person in a developing
country (like Kenya). What ways do you
use water that they probably do not?
1. Make a list of all of the ways that you
have used water so far today. Don’t forget
to include industrial and agricultural uses!
How We Get Our Water
• With your partner:
– Read through the steps of How We Get Our
Water
– Answer the corresponding questions
Public Service Announcement
• Each person will create a public service
announcement, brochure or poster
educating the public about:
– The availability of freshwater
– Our current uses of freshwater
– Consequences of our overuse and misuse of
our freshwater supply
• Must be informative, neat and creative
EXIT SLIP
1) What % of Earth’s water is saltwater?
2) What % of Earth’s water is freshwater?
3) What are the underground storage areas for water called?
a. Underground lakes
b. Aquifers
c. Rivers
d. Groundwater
4) Which of the following are all stages of the water cycle?
a) Evaporation, Precipitation, Vaporization
b) Evaporation, Condensation, Respiration
c) Evaporation, Transpiration, Respiration
d) Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation
LAB
Roles
Soil Layers:
Precipitation:
Pollution:
Answer the three pre-lab questions!
38
LAB
An aquifer is an underground
source of drinking water
(groundwater). Often people
will drill wells on their
property to tap into their local
aquifers. Unfortunately, it is
easy for the water in an
aquifer to become
contaminated from pollutants.
In this lab you will create a
model of an aquifer and how
it can become polluted.
39
LAB
1) Add a ½ inch of sand to the
bottom of your cup.
2) Pour in water.
3) Flatten your Play-Doh. Add it on
top of the sand from edge to
edge.
40
LAB
41
LAB
4) Add in a layer of gravel.
5) Add in a layer of sand.
6) Now add more water!
42
LAB
43
LAB
Which of our layers are impermeable?
Is there a confined aquifer?
Draw your zone of saturation.
Draw your zone of aeration.
Draw your water table.
44
LAB
7) Add a mountain on top of your
aquifer.
8) Drop several drops of “pollution” and
water on to the mountain. What do
we call its movement?
Where does the pollution move?
45
LAB
46
LAB
9) Use your straw to drill a well.
10) Often times people drop pollution
down old, unused wells. Drop
pollution down the well.
How does this impact our aquifers?
47
LAB
48
RAFT
•
•
•
•
Role: Water in a cloud
Audience: Water buddies in the lake
Format: Post Card
Topic: Tell your buddies all about your
journey from the lake to the could! Also, tell
them about where you are headed after you
leave the cloud!
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We will apply what we know locally
& nationally…
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EXIT SLIP
1) What % of Earth’s water is saltwater?
2) What % of Earth’s water is freshwater?
3) What are the underground storage areas for water called?
a. Underground lakes
b. Aquifers
c. Rivers
d. Groundwater
4) Which of the following are all stages of the water cycle?
a) Evaporation, Precipitation, Vaporization
b) Evaporation, Condensation, Respiration
c) Evaporation, Transpiration, Respiration
d) Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation