Science Starter
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5jTvDQV8Xc
After watching the commercial, answer the
following questions:
1) What is it advertising?
2) What events do you hypothesize happened
that lead to the fish ending up the way it
did?
Today’s Agenda
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Warm Up & Agenda
Groundwater notes
Aquifer Lab
Post-lab
Exit Ticket
OBJECTIVE:
We will be able to illustrate the
storage and movement of
groundwater in aquifers
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EXPLORATON:
If you dumped a cup of water on the ground
outside of Vance High School, where do you
think the water would go?
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GROUNDWATER
Precipitation that does not
evaporate, flows into a body
of water, or gets taken up by
organisms and sinks down
through the soil and becomes
groundwater.
Groundwater is held in
aquifers.
GROUNDWATER
Precipitation that does not
evaporate, flows into a body
of water, or gets taken up by
organisms and sinks down
through the soil and becomes
groundwater.
Groundwater is held in
aquifers.
Aquifer = a porous formation of rock, sand, or
gravel that holds water.
Zone of Aeration: pore spaces are partly
filled with water.
Zone of Saturation: pore spaces are
completely filled with water.
The water table: boundary between two zones
FAST FACT
• 40% of America's rivers are too polluted
for fishing, swimming, or aquatic life.
• Even worse are America's lakes—46% are
too polluted for fishing, swimming, or
aquatic life.
Impermeable Layer: pores are too small and water
cannot pass through
IMPERMEABLE LAYERS
Clay, granite
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1. unconfined aquifer =
can be easily refilled by
surface water; top boundary
is water table
2. confined aquifer =
between two layers of
impermeable rock
TAPPING INTO GROUND WATER
Human’s often drill wells to dig into
aquifers.
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TAPPING INTO GROUND WATER
Overuse of a well draws from the water table,
creating a cone of depression.
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BRING IT ALL TOGETHER
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LAB
Roles
Soil Layers:
Precipitation:
Pollution:
Answer the three pre-lab questions!
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An aquifer is an
underground source of
drinking water
(groundwater). Often
people will drill wells on
their property to tap
into their local aquifers.
Unfortunately, it is easy
for the water in an
aquifer to become
contaminated from
pollutants. In this lab
you will create a model
of an aquifer and how
it can become polluted.
LAB
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LAB
1) Add a ½ inch of sand to the
bottom of your cup.
2) Pour in water.
3) Flatten your Play-Doh. Add it on
top of the sand from edge to
edge.
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LAB
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LAB
4) Add in a layer of gravel.
5) Add in a layer of sand.
6) Now add more water!
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LAB
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LAB
Which of our layers are impermeable?
Is there a confined aquifer?
Draw your zone of saturation.
Draw your zone of aeration.
Draw your water table.
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LAB
7) Add a mountain on top of your
aquifer.
8) Drop several drops of “pollution” and
water on to the mountain. What do
we call its movement?
Where does the pollution move?
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LAB
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LAB
9) Use your straw to drill a well.
10) Often times people drop pollution
down old, unused wells. Drop
pollution down the well.
How does this impact our aquifers?
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LAB
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Post-Lab Questions
• Thinking about the commercial we
saw on the warm-up, aquifer notes,
and the lab we did today, answer
the post lab questions about
groundwater and water pollution
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http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.
cfm?guidAssetId=9CF7AF2A-D304-4ABC8E5C824758A45071&blnFromSearch=1&produc
tcode=US
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.
cfm?guidAssetId=299347FD-EF09-458FB2D590A1DAD17507&blnFromSearch=1&produ
ctcode=US
HOMEWORK
• A friend is dumping some old paint and car
oil into the gutter by his house, claiming that
the rain water will wash it away and dilute it.
“No harm done!” they said. Explain to him
or her, in AT LEAST FIVE sentences why
what they did was a poor decision. Include
where it goes, and how it can be harmful to
the environment and life.
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EXIT TICKET
___1. On Earth, groundwater is stored in___.
a. Lakes
b. Aquifers c. Rivers
d. clouds
___2. Through which process could rain water seep into the ground to
become ground water
a. evaporation
c. condensation
b. infiltration
d. transpiration
___3. Following a snowstorm, water slowly makes its way into an aquifer
located above impermeable clay. Which term best describes this
aquifer?
a. Confined aquifer
c. Unconfined aquifer
b. River
d. Lake
__4. If water is removed from a well faster than the aquifer can be
recharged, what will happen to the water table near the well?
a. The water table will remain at the same level.
b. The water table will create a cone of depression.
c. The entire water table will lower.
d. More water will flow into the aquifer above
__5. . In the zone of saturation, the pores are mainly filled with ______.
a. Air
c. Water
b. Other sediments
d. Half air and half water