Unit 16
The World Wars
Timeline
Map 1: Europe:
Before the World
Wars
Cause
s
Warfare
World War I
Results
Art & Literature
Map 2: Europe
between the Wars
Hitler’s
Rise to
Power
Warfare
Between the Wars
Causes
Warfare
Causes
World War II
In Europe
Results
Hitler’s
Germany
In Asia
Map 3: Europe after
World War II
Essential Questions
Results
Map – Europe Before the World Wars
Allies
key
Central
Powers
Great
Britain
Russia
Germany
AustriaHungary
France
Italy
Bulgaria
Ottoman
Empire
Serbia
Map – Europe
Between the
World Wars
U.S.S.R.
“Baltic
States”
Great
Britain
Germany
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Austria
France
Hungary
Italy
Turkey
Map – Europe After
the World Wars
Finland
Norway
Sweden
Denmark
U.S.S.R.
Netherlands
Belgium
Great
Britain
West
Germany
Ireland
Poland
East
Germany
Czechoslovakia
France
Austria
Hungary
Romania
Italy
Yugoslavia
Bulgaria
Switzerland
Portugal
Spain
Turkey
Albania
Greece
1920-1940
Global Economic Depression
1914-1918
World War I
1910
1915
1914
Archduke
Ferdinand
Assassinated
WW I began
1939-1945 World
War II
1920
1917
U.S.
entered
the war
1925
1918
Russia
got out of
the war
1919
Treaty of
Versailles
1930
1935
1933 – Hitler
became the
leader of
Germany
1940
1939 – Hitler
Invaded
Poland:
WW II began
1935-1939 –
Germany took
back lands lost
in WW I
1935-1941 –
Japan took
more lands in
Asia
1945→
Cold War
1945
1941 – Japan
attacked Pearl
Harbor: U.S.
enters WW II
1950
May 1945 –
Germany
surrendered
August 1945 –
Japan
surrendered
Terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
alliance
militarism
propaganda
totalitarian
anti-Semitism
Holocaust
genocide
Appeasement
occupation
Terms
• alliance:
– group of nations who agree to cooperate to achieve a
common goal
• militarism:
– 1. pursuit of military ideals 2. strong influence of military
on the government
• propaganda :
– 1. information put out by a government to promote a
policy, idea, or cause 2. misleading publicity
• totalitarian:
– government controlled by a single party without
opposition
• anti-Semitism:
– policies, views or actions that harm or discriminate
against Jews
Terms
• Holocaust:
– destruction of human life - in this unit we will discuss
the genocide of European Jews, but also Roma
(Italians), Slavs, intellectuals, gay people, and political
dissidents by the Nazis and their allies during WW II.
• genocide:
– systematic killing of all people from a national, ethnic,
or religious group, or attempting to do this.
• appeasement:
– making another nation happy by letting them have
what they want to prevent war
• occupation:
– military invasion and control of a country or area by
enemy forces
Watch Video
• Encyclopedia of the 20th Century: Days
that Shook the World 1900-1919
• Write Date, Event, and 1-2 important facts
about the Event
• What was happening in Asia?
• What was happening in Europe?
• What was happening other places in the
world?
Primary Document: Crown Prince Wilhelm on Prospect of War, 1913
Reproduced below is an excerpt from Crown Prince Wilhelm's book Germany in Arms, published in 1913. In
the extract Wilhelm - the son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and heir to the throne - enthused about the prospect of war
in Europe, arguing that peace was un-advantageous to Germany.
Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany on the Prospect of War
Today, indeed, we live in a time which points with special satisfaction to the proud height of its
culture, which is only too willing to boast of its international cosmopolitanism, and flatters itself
with visionary dreams of the possibility of an everlasting peace throughout the world.
This view of life is un-German and does not suit us. The German who loves his people, who
believes in the greatness and the future of our homeland, and who is unwilling to see its
position diminished, dare not close his eyes in the indulgence of dreams such as these, he
dare not allow himself to be lulled into indolent sleep by the lullabies of peace sung by the
Utopians...
…Therefore every one, to whom his country is dear, and who believes in a great future for our
nation, must joyfully do his part in the task of seeing that the old military spirit of our fathers is
not lost, and that it is not sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought. For the sword alone is not
decisive, but the arm steeled in exercise which bears the sword.
Each of us must keep himself fit for arms and also prepared in his mind for the great solemn
hour when the Emperor calls us to the standard - the hour when we no longer belong to
ourselves, but to the Fatherland with all the forces of our mind and our body; for all these
faculties must be brought to the highest exertion, to that "will to victory" which has never been
without success in history.
Create a Web Diagram
• Read the article on “WWI Europe” (p. 184186, Global History, by Kime and Stitch)
• Complete Worksheet 16-3
World War I
Causes of World War I
Led
up to
WWI
• National Rivalries:
Industrialization and Imperialism
created competitive relationships
in the race for balance of power
• Militarism: New technologies
encouraged nations to develop
and stockpile more and more
weapons
• Alliances: to keep the balance of
power – nations teamed up for/or
against one another
Causes of World War I
“Spark”
• Assassination: of
Archduke Ferdinand
of Austria → kick
started the alliances
→ began World War I
Type of Warfare
• Trench: Soldiers fought,
lived and died in ditches,
called trenches, on two
fronts
– Eastern Front – Russia
– Western Front - France
http://www.bbc.co.uk/his
tory/worldwars/wwone/l
aunch_vt_wwone_trenc
h.shtml
Type of Warfare
• New Technologies: New weapons(
machine gun, grenades, flame thrower,
tank, poison gas) were very effective
against old style strategies
Art and Literature
• Propaganda:
– organized information meant to sway public
opinion on a certain issue
Art and Literature
• All Quiet on the Western Front:
– a novel about life for soldiers during WWI
– put-down the glory of war
BBC World War I Interactive
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_wwone_mo
vies.shtml
• ..\Unit 15
Imperialism\World
War I The Man
Comes Around.flv
• ..\Unit 15
Imperialism\BBC
News Player - World
War I shelter
located.ivr
Results of World War I
•
Treaty of Versailles:
1. ended WW I 2. led to WW II
Also, Severely punished Germany:
– Land was taken away in Europe and Africa
– Had to pay compensation for the damage caused by
WW I
– Military was reduced to defense purposes only
– Had to accept the blame for WW I
Results of World War I
• League of Nations:
– organization of nations created to keep peace
in the world – turned out to be very ineffective
Results of World War I
• New Map of Europe:
– Larger nations (that lost in WW I) were broken
up into smaller nations
Europe Between the World Wars
Hitler’s Rise to Power
• Economic Environment of
Germany:
Reasons
– Germany’s economy was in very
bad shape after WWI
– Treaty of Versailles made
Germany pay millions of dollars to
other nations for WW I damages
– World Economic Depression
caused people to lose their
savings, businesses failed,
Germany’s money became
worthless
Hitler’s Rise to Power
 Reasons why Hitler came to power
in Germany:
– Weimer Republic government before Hitler
was weak and ineffective
– To improve the economy
• Stop paying for WW I
• Jobs → military and factories (military supplies)
Promises
– To get Germany’s pride back
• Get their land back
• Develop a German cultural identity
– Anti-Semitism (hatred of the Jews)
– Anti-Communist
Hitler’s Germany:
• Totalitarian Government
• A type of government that has total control of all
aspects of life,
– ex. Hitler – Nazi Germany, Mussolini – Fascist Italy,
Stalin, - Communist U.S.S.R.
– Nazi’s Ideas:
•
•
•
•
totalitarian and nationalistic type of government
Promote the Aryan “race”
Expand German territory in Europe
He used propaganda extensively
Hitler’s Germany:
• Holocaust
– Genocide – mass killing of an entire culture of
people
– Hitler’s Plan
• Harass the Jews → restrict their rights
• Gather them into “Concentration Camps”
• “Final Solution” – total extermination of the Jewish
people
World War II in Europe
Causes
• German Aggression
– Germany attempted to get lands that they lost in WW
I (other lands as well)
• Appeasement - making another nation happy by
letting them have what they want to prevent war.
– Britain and France allowed Germany to get what it
wanted (lands) → to prevent war
•
•
•
•
Rhineland
Austria
Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)
Poland (started WW II)
Warfare
• Mobile warfare:
– modern technology created quick
transportation (airplanes, motor vehicles,
ships)
– “Blitzkrieg” – sudden, fast and overwhelming
attacks, tactic used by the Germans
Warfare
• Technologies:
– Airplanes: the dominant weapon of WW II
– Tanks: allowed quick and powerful movement
– Rockets: Germans invented and used them a
bit → not very effective in WW II
– Radar: used to find enemies airplanes
Warfare
• Key Events:
– Invasion of Poland: brought Britain and
France into war against Germany
– Battle of Britain: air war for control of Britain
– D-Day: the allied invasion of the European
continent (in France), began to push the
Germans back into Germany
Results
• Germany:
– Divided up by the allies into 4 parts
– Nuremberg Trials: German officials were tried for
“Crimes Against Humanity”
• Loss of the old European colonies around the
world
• United Nations was created to replace the
ineffective League of Nations
• Cold War heightened tensions between the U.S.
and U.S.S.R
World War II in Asia
Causes
• Japanese Imperialism – 1937, Japan took
over areas of China (Japan needed raw
materials)
• Pearl Harbor – Japan attacked the U.S. on
December 7, 1941 (to keep the U.S. from
stopping their imperialist plans)
The War
• Japanese Abuses: they used cruel
methods to keep control of lands:
– Nanking: hundreds of thousands of innocent
Chinese were tortured and killed
– Bataan Death March: U.S. prisoners of war
were tortured and killed on a long march to
prison camps
The War
• Island Hopping:
– The term used to describe the U.S. plan to
defeat Japan
– Control of an island let the U.S. control lots of
territory
The War
• Atomic Bomb:
– The U.S. bombed two Japanese cities,
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
– Japan surrendered – ending WW II
Results
• Japan was occupied by the U.S. Army for 7
years
• The U.S. forced Japan to create a democratic
style government
(the emperor was allowed to stay but he had no
real power – no “divine” connection)
• The U.S. provided economic help to rebuild
Japan
Why: U.S. wanted Japan on our side in the
coming Cold War
Essential Questions
How were the results of World War I directly
related to the causes of World War II in
Europe?
WW I The severe punishment of Germany led
to:
 An environment in Germany that
allowed Hitler to rise to power
WW II  Hitler’s reasons to rebuild an army
and take over lands
How did the memories of World War I lead
some European nations to allow German
aggression?
• They appeased Hitler in order to prevent
another world war
How did Hitler use the social, economic and
political conditions in Germany after World War
I to help him rise to power?
• He made promises to make German life
better
• The promises got him elected to power
How did the relationship between a
government and an individual citizen differ
when comparing Hitler’s Germany and
Western Democracies?
• Western Democracy → government exists
at the consent of the people
• Hitler’s Germany → people exist to
support the government
In what way did each of the allies view
their contribution as essential to the war
effort?
• Britain: fought alone at first – stayed
throughout the war
• USSR: fought Germany while Britain and
the U.S. got ready to fight
• United States: their involvement turned the
tide of the war in favor of the allies
Terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
alliance: group of nations who agree to cooperate to achieve a common
goal
militarism: 1. pursuit of military ideals 2. strong influence of military on the
government
propaganda : 1. information put out by a government to promote a policy,
idea, or cause 2. misleading publicity
totalitarian: government controlled by a single party without opposition
anti-Semitism: policies, views or actions that harm or discriminate against
Jews
Holocaust: destruction of human life - in this unit we will discuss the
genocide of European Jews, but also Roma (Italians), Slavs, intellectuals,
gay people, and political dissidents by the Nazis and their allies during WW
II.
genocide: systematic killing of all people from a national, ethnic, or religious
group, or attempting to do this.
appeasement: making another nation happy by letting them have what they
want to prevent war
occupation: military invasion and control of a country or area by enemy
forces
Review