Cultural Diversity
UNDERSTANDING:
• To Understand that the
history of America’s cultural
diversity was and is ever
changing.
http://www.perfectmemorials.com/b
log/funeral-homes-embrace-culturalreligious-diversity/
• Understand that beginning
a “new life” was and still is a
struggle for many
immigrants.
Know: Timeline
• The reasons for wanting to
immigrate.
• The hardships many faced
when trying to immigrate.
1820-1840: 751,000 Immigrants
• European Population
doubles.
• Industrial Revolution
causes unemployment
to rise.
• Many leave Europe in
hopes of finding a
better life in America.
http://www.teacherlink.org/content/social/instructional/industrialrevolution/
http://goldenstate.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/train.jpg
http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/039a.html
1840-1860: 4 million immigrants
• Northern and Western
Europeans emigrate
• Starving people leave
famine in Sweden and
potato famine in Ireland.
• Emigration feasible for
many with faster, more
affordable ships.
http://www.kitchenproject.com/history/IrishSodaBreads/index.htm
Anti-Immigrant “Know
Nothing” party founded
but dies within ten
years.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Citizen_Know_Nothing.jpg/458px-Citizen_Know_Nothing.jpg
1860-1880: 5 million Immigrants
• Civil War causes
temporary drop in
immigration, but some
British, Irish, and Scots
continued to arrive.
http://kenbaker.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/black-soldiers.jpg
• Chinese are lured by
Gold Rush and by
working on railroads
during westward
expansion.
An 1850 photograph shows one of the
many Chinese laborers who came to
California during the Gold Rush.
1880-1900: 9 Million Immigrants
• Southern and Eastern
Europeans emigrate for
financial reasons.
• Jews flee persecution in
Russia.
http://www.culture24.org.uk/history+%2526+heritage/time/roman/art38046
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc_large_image.php?flash=true&doc=47
• 1882-Chinese Exclusion
Act bars Chinese and
sets “head tax” on
immigrants.
• 1891- Bureau of
Immigration set up.
• Ellis Island Processing
Center opens.
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/ellis-island.htm
1900-1920: 14.5 Million Immigrants
• Italians, Greeks,
Australians, and
Russians continue to
pour in.
• Mexican laborers cross
borders to work on
farms and railroads.
http://undercoverblackman.blo
gspot.com/2007/06/mexicanlabor-american-tradition.html
http://www.europe.org.u
k/files/978_italianimmigr
ants.jpg
• 1917-Immigration Act
excludes all Asians,
raises head tax, and
establishes originallanguage literacy test
for all immigrants over
16 years old.
http://uncommonlives.naa
.gov.au/detail.asp?iID=89
4&lID=9&cID=91
1920-1940: 4.6 Million Immigrants
• Great depression causes
drop in immigration –
more leave America
than arrive, but Polish,
Romanian, and other
Eastern Europeans
emigrate to escape
communism.
http://www.cnbc.com/id/27363640?slide=2
• 1921- Emergency Quota
Act limits the number of
immigrants from
different countries.
• 1924- National Origins
Act shows bias against
Asians and eastern or
southern Europeans.
http://www.uspoliticalhistory.com/Harding_1_files/droppedImage.jpg
1940-1960:3.5 Million Immigrants
• Foreign-born
population decreases
• Korean and East
European War refugees
allowed in .
• Japanese placed in
interment camps during
WWII
http://americanpicturelinks.com/Immigration.htm
• 1943- Chinese Exclusion
Law repealed.
• 1948- Displaced
Persons Act admits
European refugees.
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/themes-exclusion.html
1950-Internal Security Act
deports “subversives”;
aliens must report
1952-Immigration and
addresses annually.
Nationality Act restricts
Eastern Hemisphere
immigrants; preference
given to skilled workers.
http://www.aavw.org/special_features/cartoons_assorted_cartoon04.html
1960-1980: 8 Million Immigrants
(not including illegals)
• Era of many “boat
people” begins: Cuban
and S. E. Asian refugees
flee war and political
upheaval.
• Cambodians escape
massacres
• Resettlement programs
start in the U.S. and
other countries.
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuba.htm
• 1965- Immigration and
Nationality Act ends old
quota. System, opens
door to Asians.
• 1978- Immigration and
Nationality act deports
Nazi persecutors and
combines western and
eastern hemispheres. President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Immigration and
Nationality Act of 1965, which substantially changed U.S.
immigration policy toward non-Europeans. Johnson made a point
of signing the legislation near the base of the Statue of Liberty,
which has always stood as a symbol of welcome to immigrants.
Lower Manhattan can be seen in the background. (LBJ Library
Collection)
1980-2000:16.5 Million Immigrants
(estimated)
• Asians and Latin
Americans emigrate to
escape revolutions and
economic instability.
• 1986- Immigration
Reform Control Act sets
penalties for hiring
illegal aliens but
provides some amnesty
for some illegals already http://www.nwasianweekly.com/old/20080828/images/sweatshop.jpg
in U. S.
• 1980- New Refugee Act
sets criteria for refugee
admissions
• 1990-Reform act raises
limit on total
immigration
• 1998-Immigration Act
makes it harder for
illegal immigrants to
stay in America.
http://www.klaskolaw.com/library/ap_immigration_070522_ms.jpg
http://magnoopere.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.beijingtoday.com.cn/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/48221065506x400.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.beijingtoday.com.cn/%3Fp%3D6212&usg=__VQXInW0C3qexQkcSrrpc0LfcDlo=&h=400&w=506&sz=64&hl
=en&start=159&tbnid=GvFKrxzO3mOT8M:&tbnh=104&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3DChinese%2Bimmigrants%2Bgold%2Brush%26gbv%
3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DN%26start%3D147
https://salempress.com/Store/images/editorial/immigration1.jpg