THE
ANIMAL
KINGDOM
(Use table)Characteristics of Animals
Cell type: Multicellular, eukaryotes
Digestion: Heterotrophs
Reproduction: Most sexual; some asexual
• Movement: Usually
Other- 7 things
• 1. no cell wall
• 2. Require oxygen
3. Symmetry: balance in body proportions
3 Types
Bilateral: can be divided
only one way to produce
mirror image halves
AsymmetricalIrregular shape
Radial symmetry: can be divided
along any plane to produce 2
halves which look alike
4. Body arrangements:
a. anterior: head region
b. posterior: tail region
c. dorsal: back or top
d. ventral: abdomen or bottom
5. Body Development
• As embryo develops, three germ
layers form:
a.
Ectoderm
• becomes nervous system, epidermis of the skin,
pituitary, lens of eye
b.
• becomes muscles, skeleton, notochord,
Mesoderm circulatory system, kidney, reproductive system
• becomes lining of digestive tract, liver,
c.
pancreas, epithelial lining of lungs, many
Endoderm
endocrine glands
6. Body Cavities
a. Acoelomatesno body cavity
lined with
mesoderm
• EX: sponges,
cnidarians, &
flatworms
b. Pseudocoelomatespartial body cavity
lined with mesoderm
• “Tube within a tube”
body plan
• EX: roundworms
c. Coelomatestrue body
cavity lined
with
mesoderm
• EX: all other
animals
Advantages of a body
cavity (coelom or
pseudocoelom):
• Fluid in cavity helps distribute food, wastes,
hormones, etc. from one end of animal to the
other
• Better distribution allows animal to grow larger
• A place to put things, like new organs
• Hydrostatic skeleton- pressure makes cavity rigid
7. Cephalization-concentration of sense organsdeveloped nervous system


THE ANIMAL KINGDOM OVERVIEW
• Invertebrates-no backbone
• Vertebrates or Chordates-backbone
Invertebrate Cladogram
Section 29-1
Echinoderms Chordates
Arthropods
Annelids
Mollusks
Radial
Symmetry
Roundworms
Flatworms
Pseudocoelom
Cnidarians
Radial
Symmetry
Protostome Development
Three Germ Layers;
Bilateral Symmetry
Sponges
Tissues
Multicellularity
Single-celled
ancestor
Deuterostome
Development
Coelom