U.S. History I
Chapter 5
1865-1914
Immigration and Urbanization
Background: Immigrant Family
Right: “Deported Pen” Ellis Island
U.S. History I
Chapter 5 Section 1
“The New Immigrants”
2.3, 3.7, 9.3, 9.4
Top Left: Immigrant “test”, Sikh Immigrants from India,
Angel Island Poster, and Chinese Exclusion
Cartoon
Immigrants Decide to Leave Home
Why did Europeans come to the U.S.?
Push Factors
Farm poverty and worker uncertainty
Wars and conscription
Political tyranny
Religious oppression
Pull Factors
Plenty of land and work (Homestead Act
1862)
Higher standard of living
Democratic political system
Opportunity for social advancement
The Immigrant Experience
• Steerage: the cheapest and basic way to travel
on a steamship
• Arrived at Ellis Island
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K= hernia
X= mental disabilities
H= heart problems
Sc= scalp problems
• “Old” Immigrants: Northern & Western
Europe: Pre- Irish/German
• “New” Immigrants: Southern & Eastern
Europe- Catholic/Jewish
• “Chain” Immigrants: Family of original
immigrant
Angel Island
• Chinese Immigrants
– Taiping Rebellion
– Central Pacific Railroad
• Japanese Immigrants
– Economic hardships
• Over 200,000 Chinese and Japanese
immigrants arrived on the West Coast
during the late 1800s
Resurgence of Nativism
– Nativism: extreme dislike for immigrants by nativeborn people and a desire to limit immigration
• Prejudice Against Newcomers
– Prejudice: an adverse judgment or opinion formed
beforehand without knowledge of the facts; an
irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group,
race or religion
– Discrimination: Treatment or consideration based
on class or category rather than individual merit;
partiality or prejudice
– American Protective Association
• Henry Bowers
– Anti-Catholic & Foreigners
– Wanted to stop all immigration
The Immigration Debate
• “They would close to the
newcomer the bridge that
carried them and their fathers
over”
• Americanization: Programs aimed at turning
immigrants into “Americans”
• Assimilation: To blend into society
• Melting Pot: Many cultures combine to form
one distinct “American” culture
• Impact on the Anti-Immigrant Movement
– Workingman’s Party of California
• Dennis Kearney
– Fighting Chinese immigration
– Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882
• Barred Chinese immigration for 10 years
• Barred Chinese immigrants already in the country from
becoming citizens
• Even after Chinese protests became a permanent act in
1902
• Act was repealed in 1943
U.S. History I
(Five Points and NYC)
Chapter 5 Section 2
“Cities Expand and Change”
2.2, 2.3, 3.7, 9.3
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/fiv
e-points.htm
Section 2: Urbanization
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Americans Migrate to the Cities:
Rural to Urban Migrants: Urbanization
Immigrants
The New Urban Environment
Frederick Law Olmsted- Central Park: N.Y.C.
– Skyscrapers- 10 Stories and up: Home Insurance
Building: Chicago
• Louis Sullivan
– Mass Transit: Carry Many People
• Elisha Otis: Safety Elevator Inventor
• Separation by Class
– High Society
– Middle-Class Gentility: “Streetcar” Suburbs-Cleaner
‘perimeter’ of city
– The Working Class
• Tenements : Low-cost multi-family housing
– Average annual income $445.00
Frederick Law Olmstead
• Designed Central
Park in NYC
City Problems
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Pollution/Sanitation
Crime
Racial Tension
“classism”
Political Corruption
Fire: 1871: Great Chicago Fire 100,000
People left homeless
• (top right: immigrant children living in
poverty)
The “Great” Chicago Fire: 1871
• 200-300 Killed
• 100,000 Left homeless
U.S. History
Chapter 5 Section 3
“Social and Cultural Trends”
“2.2,3.6,9.3”
“Uncle Sam is a Man of Strong
Features” (Top Left)
“The Melting Pot” (Top Right)
The Gilded Age
• A Changing Culture
• Gilded Age
–Mark Twain and Charles Wagner
– The Idea of Individualism
– Horatio Alger
• Brave and Bold
• Rags to Riches stories
Americans Become Consumers
• Conspicuous
Consumption: Buying for
status and the sake of
buying: Buying more for
WANT than NEED.
• Advertising: Rowland
Macy (NYC), Jordan
Marsh (Chicago:
“Marshall” Fields)
• Department Store: variety
of goods organized into
departments…used
advertising
• Standard of living began
to improve for
middle/upper class
Mass Culture
• Newspaper:
• Joseph Pulitzer:
Evening World
• William Randolph
Hearst: Morning
Journal
Literature and Arts: Creating Social
Awareness
• Horatio Alger: Rags to
Riches
• Stephen Crane: Maggie:
a Girl from the Streets
(NYC Slums and
Prostitution)
• Red Badge of Courage
(Psychological Impact of
War)
• Edith Wharton: Age of
Innocence: Questioned
societies “rigid rules”
• Thomas Eakins: Realist
Painter
Popular Entertainment
• Amusement Parks: Coney
Island
• Buffalo Bill’s Wild West
Show
• Church Summer Camps
• Vaudeville: Music, Comedy,
Acrobats, Animal Acts, and
Plays were featured
• Spectator Sports: Boxing,
Baseball
• Baseball: included black
players until
• 1876: Chicago Cubs Formed
• 1887: Chicago White
Stockings refused to play a
team with a black player
• James Naismith: invented
basketball in 1891 at YMCA