Immigration
–
Populists
–
Progressives
Standards 11.2
11.2.8
11.2.9
Immigration 1860 - 1900
•
Immigrants came to the industrial
centers of the United States
–
•
Worked for low wages
Mainly from southern and eastern Europe
–
–
Went through Ellis Island
Settled in the North
•
•
•
–
More major cities
Greater educational opportunities
More jobs
Major reason why some immigrants were
denied entry
•
They carried a contagious disease
(show immigration clip)http://www.history.com/topics/ellisisland/videos#arrival-at-ellis-island
Immigrant Supporters
•
Political machines
(powerful politicians)
provided them with
jobs and other favors
–
Tammany Hall
•
•
Provided for the welfare
of immigrants and other
city dwellers
Immigrant would
therefore vote for the
politicians
Immigrant Problems
•
Nativists
–
–
•
Immigrants major cause of urban problems
Main objective was to restrict immigration
Discrimination
–
–
•
Spoke different languages
Had different customs
Chinese
–
–
Laws discriminated they accepted very low
wages
Chinese Exclusion Act – 1882
•
Chinese laborers could not enter America
Immigrant Urban Living
Conditions
• Tenements
–
–
–
–
–
Overcrowded and filthy apartments
Threatened by unsafe living
conditions
Reflected ethnic cultures
Disease due to poor sanitation
Jacob Riis, in How the Other Half
Lives, and Lincoln Steffens, in The
Shame of the Cities
• Exposing poverty and corruption in many
U.S. cities
Populists
• Major third party movement
– Farmers
– William Jennings Bryan
(leader)
• 1896 presidential candidate
• Major complaints
– High tariffs on
manufactured goods
– Protested the bimetallic
standard
Populists
• Major causes of change
– Free and unlimited coinage of
silver
•It would create inflation
– Highly productive farming and
mining require expensive
machinery
Progressives
• Emerged out the Populist
movement
• Government
–
protect workers
–
Businesses were subject to government
control
•
Interstate Commerce Commission
• Greater efficiencies in
production (Model T)
• Municipal reformers
–
Utilities controlled by the city
Progressives
• Tariff reform
– Underwood Simmons Bill
• Theodore Roosevelt
– Strong National gov’t
• Regulate business
– National Park System
• Managing federal lands
• Conservation of natural resources
• Recreational areas for the public
– Breakup of several trusts deemed harmful to
the public
Progressive Amendments
• 16th Amendment
– Income Tax
• 17th Amendment
– Direct election of Senators
• 18th Amendment
– Prohibition of alcohol
• 19th Amendment
– Women’s right to vote
– Originally granted in 10 western states