Solids
1. Which state of matter has a definite volume and a definite
shape? SOLID
2. True or False? A solid will keep its volume and its shape in
any position and in any container.
3. Why do solids have a definite shape and a definite volume?
Because particles are packed tightly together
and stay in fixed positions
4. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about
particles in a solid.
a. They are completely motionless.
b. They stay in about the same position.
c. They vibrate back and forth.
d. They move around one another freely.
Liquids
5. Which state of matter has no definite shape but does
have a definite volume? LIQUID
6. True or false? A liquid’s volume does not change no
matter what shape its container has.
7. A substance that flows is called a(n) FLUID
8. What causes surface tension?
The inward pull among molecules of a liquid
9. Circle the letter of the term that means the resistance of a
liquid to flowing.
a. amorphous b. solid
c. viscosity d. surface
tension
10. True or false? Liquids with high viscosity flow quickly.
Gases
11. Which state of matter has neither definite shape nor
volume? GAS
12. If you put a gas into a container with a top, what will
the gas do? Fill the whole container
13. True or false? Like a liquid, a gas is a fluid.
14. In the containers below, draw how the particles are
arranged in the three states of matter.
Changes Between Solid and Liquid
1. The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called
MELTING
2. In most pure substances, melting occurs at a specific
temperature called the Melting Point
3. The change of state from liquid to solid is called
Freezing
4. True or false? At its freezing point, the particles of a
solid are vibrating so fast that they break free from their
fixed positions.
Changes between liquid and Gas
5. The change from a liquid to a gas is called Vaporization
6. When does vaporization take place?
When the liquid gains enough energy
7. Each liquid boils only at a certain temperature, which is called its
Boiling Point
9. True or false? Condensation is the opposite of vaporization.
10. When condensation occurs, does a gas lose or gain thermal energy?
Lose energy
Match the term with its example.
____ 11. vaporization
a. A pot of water reaches its boiling point.
____ 12. evaporation
b. Liquid water changes into water vapor.
____ 13. boiling
c. Clouds form from water vapor in the sky.
____ 14. Condensation
d. A puddle dries up after a rain shower.
Changes between Solid and Gas
15. During sublimation , particles of a solid do not
pass through the liquid state as they form a gas.
16. Give an example of sublimation.
Dry Ice (solid to gas)
SOLIDS
 Shape: Definite= doesn’t change
 Volume: Definite
 Particle Movement: packed tightly
and vibrate in place.
LIQUIDS
 Shape: take shape of container
 Volume: Definite
 Particle Movement: Farther apart than
solid, but still close and move over each other
GASES
 Shape: shape of the container
 Volume: Same as container
 Particle Movement: fast, bounce off each other,
and spread far apart to fill container.
Changes in States of Matter
 Matter changes between the different states if
ENERGY is added or taken away from it
 The energy added or taken away is almost always
heat
 When heat is added, molecules start to move faster
 When heat is taken away, molecules start to move
slower
Changes in States of Matter
 Freezing: liquid to solid
 Melting: solid to liquid
Solid
 Evaporation: liquid to gas
 Condensation: gas to liquid
 Sublimation: solid to gas
(no liquid phase)
Liquid
Condensation
Gas
For matter to change
from one phase to
another we need to
add or take away…
Phase Action Heroes p.5-6
 Homework due next time. (PLANNERS!)
 Intro
 Requirements
 Name (Solid Man)
 Color Drawing (comic frame)
 Describe 3 characteristics and how it relates to properties
• Example: Solid-Weakness = Slow moving
How= particles in solids move slowly
 Share next time!
 Teacher will assign groups (4-5)
 Do pre-lab Investigation and read
procedure.
1. Solid - vibrates in place Liquid – move about –
Gas – move about fast –
2. Heat Energy
3. Solid to gas skipping liquid
4. Carbon Dioxide
Hypothesis:
If we increase the temperature and pressure
of dry ice, then the dry ice will …. because
….
 Pay
attention as teacher demonstrates
 Get up close so you can see the reactions.
 Follow all lab safety rules. Must use safety
goggles
 Write data on Data Table (p.8) before,
during, and after.
 Clean up! Dry everything. Replace pipette.
Spread out towels to dry.
 Answer analysis questions
 WRITE CONCLUSION IN 5 SENTENCE
FORMAT.
• Start with: We wanted to know what would
happen to dry ice if….
 DATA
(2 observations)
• Before:
• During:
• After:
 ANALYSIS
1.
2.
3.
4.
QUESTIONS
Melting, evaporation, sublimation?
Add controlled heat
Added pressure
They can melt instead of sublimate.
 1st Question:
• We wanted to know what would happen to dry ice
when….
 2nd What did we do?
• We put dry ice in a pipette and ….
 3rd What were the results?
• We saw bubbles and liquid forming….we also
saw….
 4th restate hypothesis
• We thought that the dry ice would melt, but….
 5th answer the question
• Finally, if you increase temperature and pressure of
dry ice….
Particles in Motion Lab-Liquids
 Hypothesis: If we drop food coloring in different temperatures of
water, then the food coloring will mix the fastest in the hot water
because molecules are moving faster
 Data Table- Don’t forget units
 Analysis Questions
1.
2.
3.

The hot water mixed faster that the others. (Answers will vary)
The movement of particles in the water and food coloring. The faster
they move the quicker the food coloring will mix.
The blue and green food coloring are made of different molecules than
the red causing them to move slower than the red.
Conclusion (5 sentence format)
Example: Our team was trying to determine how temperature affected the motion
food coloring particle in water. We tested this by adding food coloring to water of
three different temperatures and timing how long it took to mix. Our results
showed that the warmer the water the shorter the time to mix. Therefore, our
results support our hypothesis that the hot water would mix the fastest. So our
conclusion I that as temperature increases particle motion of liquids increase.
Particles in Motion Lab-Gases
 Hypothesis- If we change the temperature of gases in a balloon,
then the balloon will expand when heated and contract when
cooled because the particle motion will change with
temperature.
 Data Table – Don’t forget units.
 Analysis Questions
c. Volume
The balloon expanded when heated and contracted when cooled.
Increase.Yes, because the molecules are moving faster and further
apart.
4. Decrease.Yes, because as the molecules are moving slower they
get closer together.
5. You need to measure the mass and volume of the closed
container.
1.
2.
3.
Particles in Motion Lab-Gases
See the board
7. The molecule movement of the air inside the balloon keep the
balloon inflated even after cooling.
8. Conclusion: (5 sentence format)
6.
Example: We wanted to know how temperature affected the volume
of a gas. We investigated this by filling a balloon with air the heating
and cooling it, comparing the circumference of the balloon before
and after. Our results showed the balloon got bigger when heated and
smaller when cooled. These results support our hypothesis. So gases
expand when heated and contract when cooled.
ENGINEERING FOR
EXPANSION
P.13-14
• Watch closely as your teacher conducts a
demonstration!
• Then answer the questions using the pictures.
Expansion and contraction can cause problems for engineers
when they are planning bridges, cities, road and other
infrastructure. If they don’t take changing temperatures and
the weather of the area they are working in into account, it can
cause major problems. Look at the following pictures and
answer the questions in terms of expansion or contraction.
It’s all about
concentration!
• Diffusion is a property of matter.
• Particles of matter are in constant
motion, so they often bump into one
another.
• This causes the particles to spread out
evenly in the area they are in.
• Scent: Your teacher will spray a scent in the front of the
classroom. When you can smell it, raise your hand
(keep it up). With your other hand, write down how
long it took for you to smell the vanilla? TIMER
• How would the distance between you and the scent change
the time it takes for you to smell it? (Hint: Think about how
long it took people to raise their hands)
• If it was sprayed in the front of the room, how did the people
in the back smell it?
• Light: Teacher will shine a light, observe carefully.
• Describe what you observe in the beam of light.
• Why do you see the dust moving?
• Diffusion is the process by which particles
move from an area of high concentration to
low concentration
• Concentration: how many particles are in a
given volume.
•High concentration = more crowded particles
•Low concentration = less crowded particles
(more spread out)
• Look at the picture in your booklet. Determine
which side has a high concentration and which
one has a low concentration.
Video Link
• http://wps.pearsoned.com.au/cw1/9
8/25305/6478141.cw//6478158/index.html
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/phy
sics/states-of-matter.html
• Not gonna do it!
• Cross out pages 15-16
• Cross out diffusion in a dish on the
grading sheet
• You can do it for fun if you have time.
The water is coldest and the particles (molecules
of water) move the slowest of all
2. The hotter the water, the faster the molecules
move and the food coloring mixes faster.
3. Particles (atoms and molecules) are always
moving, so they spread out through diffusion
from high to low concentration.
4. Through diffusion and the fact that particles
always move
5. The molecules speed up (go faster)
6. Volume increases because the particles are
moving faster and further apart
7. Heat. The molecules take on energy, speed up,
move farther apart
1.
8.
9.
10.
11.
16.
17.
18.
The motion increases (move faster)
liquid
ENERGY
d
12. b
13. c 14. e 15. a
Diagram A because they are moving from high
to low concentration
They could taste the water to see if it is sweet
or look to see if the entire sugar cube dissolved
and diffused.
a. adding energy, making it bigger
b. increased
c. The container could break (pop)
The balloon will be smaller
a. To prevent buckling/breaking from expansion
b. slabs on each side expand so cracks get smaller
c. the slabs contract making wider cracks
21. The metal door might have expanded due to heat
and filled the frame
22. So expansion does not cause the window to
break
23. Engineering, building
24. The particles in the ball moved faster to the ball
expanded and could not fit through.
19.
20.
Phase
Movement
Solid
Vibrates in place, close
together. Make
structure.
Liquid
Move around and past
other particles but still
close together.
Gas
Moves fast, bouncing
of other particles and
container walls. As far
far apart from each
other.
Draw Particle Structure