Mitosis flashcards
What does diploid mean?
2 copies of each
chromosome
“Normal” number of
chromosomes
What is diploid number for
humans?
46
23 pairs
one from your Mom
and 1 from your Dad.
These pairs are called…
Homologous, because they
have the same shape and
genes
This is a
karotype of
the all the
human
chromosomes.
See how they
are paired by
shape and
light/dark
areas? They
are the
homologous
chromosomes.
Chromosomes # 1 -22 are
called…
Autosomes. They have
genes for running most of
the functions in your body
Chromosomes # 23 are
called…
Sex chromosomes. They
have genes that determine
whether you will be a boy
or girl
In humans the sex
chromosomes are also
called
X and Y chromosomes.
If you are XX, you are a
___ and if you are XY you
are a __.
If you are XX, you are a
girl and if you are XY you
are a boy.
What does haploid mean?
“1/2” the normal number of
chromosomes
1 copy of each
What is haploid number
for humans?
23…you would only have
1 of each homologous
pair.
This happens during
meiosis where egg and
sperm cells are made.
That’s how only ½ of your
genes get passed on.
What is the name of the
process where cells make
exact copies of
themselves?
Mitosis. Your body does
this to replace lost or
damaged cells.
Prokaryotes (bacteria)
don’t have a nucleus, so
they divide in a process
called…
Binary Fission…their DNA is a
ring attached to the cell
membrane. It copies itself and
then splits in half
Our chromosomes are
made of….
DNA…deoxyribonucleic
acid
See how it’s long and thin and
coils on itself to make a
chromosome?
When DNA is long and
thin it is called…
Chromatin
DNA spends most of its
time like this, because
small parts (called genes)
get copied and made into
proteins which run
processes in our bodies.
More about that later…
A chromosome often has
two copies joined at the…
Centromere.
The location of the
centromere is one way to
identify one gene from
another (length is another
way).
The two copies are called
sister…
chromatids
What phase of
Mitosis are
these cells in?
Interphase
What is the cell “doing”
during interphase?
Living, growing…whatever
the cell is supposed to.
Blood cells do blood
things, liver cells do liver
things.
DNA is copied as part of
interphase before cell
division
What form is the DNA
during interphase?
Chromatin in the nucleus.
What phase comes after
interphase?
Prophase. How can you
tell a cell is in prophase?
1. DNA has coiled into
chromosomes
2. the nucleus
breaks down
3. Centrioles and
spindle fibers form
What phase comes after
prophase?
Metaphase. How can you
tell a cell is in metaphase?
1. Chromosomes line
up IN RANDOM
ORDER in the
middle of the cell
2. centrioles move
to opposite ends of
the cell and
spindles attach to
the centromere of
each chromosome
What phase comes after
metaphase?
Anaphase. How can you
tell a cell is in anaphase?
1. Chromosomes
have split at the
centromere
into sister
chromatids
2. centrioles pull
the chromatids
to opposite ends
of the cell
What phase comes after
anaphase?
Telophase. How can you
tell a cell is in telophase?
1. Chromatids
are at opposite
ends of the cell
2. the cell
membrane start to
pinch in
(cytokinesis)
3. The nucleus
reforms and
chromatids
unwind into
chromatin
What phase comes after
telophase?
Interphase, the cell starts
to grow and do the things
it’s supposed to do
The products of mitosis
are called…
Daughter cells. The
original cell is called the…
Mother cell. Mitosis produces
__ daughter cells with the ___
number of chromsomes
Mitosis produces 2 daughter
cells with the diploid
number of chromosomes.
They’re exactly like the
original cell…otherwise
they’d be mutant cells and
we call that cancer!
These two cells are in…
metaphase
This cell is in…
telophase
This cell is in…
prophase
This cell is in…
anaphase
This cells are in…
interphase