Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis
Cells that make up the “body” of an organism
2
Chromosomes condense during cell division
• DNA plus proteins is called
chromatin.
• When chromatin coils up it
forms chromosomes.
• One half of a duplicated
chromosome is a
chromatid.
• Sister chromatids are held
together at the
centromere.
Interphase
– Longest phase of cell
life cycle
– G1 Phase: Cell
Growth and Normal
Functions
– S Phase: DNA is
replicated (copied)
– G2 Phase:
Additional Cell
nucleus with
Growth
DNA
Parent cell
centrioles
spindle fibers
centrosome
Nuclear Membrane
breaking down
Prophase
– The nuclear
membrane
breaks down
– Chromatin
condense to
chromosomes
– Spindle fibers
form
– Centrioles
move towards
opposite ends
of the cell
Chromosomes
condensed
Spindle fibers
appear
Centrioles
Metaphase
– Chromosomes
line up in the
MIDDLE of the
cell
– Spindle fibers
attach to the
centromere of
each
chromosome
Chromosomes
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
Centromere
Anaphase
– Sister
chromatids
separate to
opposite
sides of the
cell
– Think AWAY
Chromatid
Centriole
Spindle fibers
Centromere
Telophase
– New nuclei form
and chromosomes
begin to uncoil into
chromatin
– The nuclear
membrane
reappears
– Spindle fibers
disappear
– Cleavage furrow
begins
Cleavage Furrow
Chromatin
begins to
uncoil
Spindle fibers
Centromere
Centrioles
Nuclear
Membrane
reappears
Cytokinesis
• Cytokinesis is the division
of the rest of the cell
contents.
– In animal cells, the
membrane pinches
closed (Cleavage
furrow).
– In plant cells, a cell
plate forms (forms new
cell wall).